همه‎گیرشناسی بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنیه: تنوع بیماری‎زایی جدایه‎های قارچ Verticillium dahliae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران

چکیده

     به منظور تعیین تنوع عامل بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنبه، تعداد 95 جدایه قارچ Verticillium dahliae Kleb. از خاک، پنبه، بــادنجـان، بامیه، خیار، پسته، کنجد، گوجه فرنگی و غوزک و ریزوسفر علف‎های هرز داتوره، توق و تاجریزی سیاه جمع‎آوری شدند. خصوصیات بیماری‎زایی، مورفولوژیکی، بهترین دمای رشد و دامنه میزبانی وسازگاری رویشی جدایه‎ها بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان دادکه جدایه‎ها از نظر ایجاد علائم در پنبه و بامیه به دو گروه برگ‎ریز و غیر برگ‎ریز تقسیم شدند. جدایه‎هایی که باعث برگ‎ریزی در پنبه شدند از نظر علائم در پنبه و بامــیه، مورفولوژی میکرواسکلروت در آب آگار، دامنه میزبانی، دمای بهینه رشد در محیط کشت PDA و سازگاری رویشی با جدایه‎های غیر برگ‎ریز متفاوت بودند. تنوع بیماری‎زایی درجدایه‎های غیر برگ‎ریز بیشترتر از جدایه‎های برگ‎ریز بود. بیماری‎زایی متقابل جدایه‎های جدا شده از میزبان‎های مختلف نشان داد که اختصاصیت میزبانی در بین جدایه‎های مورد مطالعه وجود نداشت ولی شدت بیماریزایی متفاوت بود. سویه برگ‎ریز V. dahliae از پنبه، بادنجان و خاک از مناطق پنبه‎کاری خیر استهبان، کردکوی و ورامین جداسازی و مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. پنجاه و دو موتانت از 95 جدایه قارچ بدست آمد. بر اساس توان استفاده از منبع نیتروژن موتانت‎ها به سه گروه نیت 1 (25%)، نیت 3 (12 %) و نیت ام (54 %) تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان دادکه بر اساس سیستم میزبان ـ پاتوژن و علائم ایجاد شده در پنبه دو سویه برگ‎ریز و غیر برگ‎ریز ولی بر اساس سازگاری رویشی هشت گروه دربین جدایه‎های مورد مطالعه وجـــود دارد. ســویه برگ‎ریز در یک گروه و سویه غیر برگ‎ریز در هفت گروه دیگر سازگاری رویشی قرار گرفتند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Epidemiology of verticillium wilt of cotton: Pathogenicity variation among isolates Verticillium dahlia

نویسنده [English]

  • M. Arabsalmani
Assistant Prof. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran Province
چکیده [English]

      In order to determination of variability of pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae kleb., Ninety five isolates form soil, cotton, eggplant, okra, cucumber, pistachio, sesame, tomato, and wild  hemp, and rhizospher of Datura stramonium, Xanthium sp. and Solanum nigrum were compared in respect to microsclerotial morphology,pathogenicity, host range, optimum temperature for growth and  vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs).The result showed that  based on symptom in cotton and okra plants the isolates were divided in two defoliating and no defoliating strains which also differed in microsclerotial morphology on water agar, optimal temperature for growth on potato dexteros agar. The variability among no defoliating isolates were more than defoliating isolates. Although, there was not host specificity among isolates but observed various disease severity in cotton .The defoliating strains were collected from cotton, eggplant, sesame and soil in Estahban, Kord kuy and Varamin regions. From 52 nit mutants (54%) were obtained 95 isolates. Based on the ability to use different nitrogen sources the mutant were grouped into three phenotypic classes nit 1(25%), nit 3(12%) and nit M( 54%).The isolates were separated into different groups. Eight VCGs were recognized among nit mutants. All defoliating isolates were belonged to one VCG and rest of the isolated grouped in 7 VCGS.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Verticillium wilt
  • cotton
  • Vegetative Compatibility Groups
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