Evaluating the Effect of Different Growth Regulators on Yield and Morphological Traits of Three Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cotton Cultivars

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor,, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi,, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.

3 Cotton expert, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.

4 PhD of Agronomy, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22092/ijcr.2024.367049.1227

Abstract

Background and Objective: Plant growth regulation plays a pivotal role in influencing morphological and physiological traits that directly impact plant growth, reproduction, and yield. Growth regulators achieve these effects by inducing metabolic activities within plant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growth regulators on the growth and yield characteristics of various cotton genotypes.
 
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station, Gorgan, during 2016 and 2017. The experimental factors included five growth regulators benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and Cycocel and three cotton cultivars: Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan.
 
Results: Yield and several morphological parameters were significantly influenced by the growth regulators. Among the cultivars, Golestan exhibited the highest boll number, yield, and lint percentage, whereas Kashmar was characterized by the tallest plants and the most rapid maturity. Growth regulators showed differential effects on plant height: benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased height by 9.5%, while Cycocel and abscisic acid reduced height by up to 18.5%. All treatments increased the number of flowers compared to the control, with Cycocel and salicylic acid resulting in the highest flower numbers, an increase of 40%. Cycocel enhanced boll number by 7.5%, while salicylic acid, benzyl adenine, and abscisic acid decreased it by 4.8%, 9%, and 25%, respectively. The highest yield (2569 kg/ha) was observed with Cycocel treatment, followed by brassinosteroids and benzyl adenine, which also improved yield relative to the control. In contrast, abscisic acid reduced yield by 5.3%. Cycocel promoted early maturity, achieving 83.6%, while benzyl adenine, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids delayed maturity. Although lint percentage was influenced by genotype, it was not significantly affected by growth regulators, suggesting its strong genetic dependence. Overall, foliar application of growth regulators, particularly Cycocel, significantly enhanced the yield and morphological traits of cotton cultivars.
 
Conclusion: Cycocel application increased flower and boll numbers on cotton branches, thereby improving yield. Additionally, Cycocel positively influenced early maturity, making it a promising growth regulator for optimizing cotton productivity and phenological traits.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Full Text

Background and Objective: Plant growth regulation plays a pivotal role in influencing morphological and physiological traits that directly impact plant growth, reproduction, and yield. Growth regulators achieve these effects by inducing metabolic activities within plant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growth regulators on the growth and yield characteristics of various cotton genotypes.

 

Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station, Gorgan, during 2016 and 2017. The experimental factors included five growth regulators benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and Cycocel and three cotton cultivars: Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan.

 

Results: Yield and several morphological parameters were significantly influenced by the growth regulators. Among the cultivars, Golestan exhibited the highest boll number, yield, and lint percentage, whereas Kashmar was characterized by the tallest plants and the most rapid maturity. Growth regulators showed differential effects on plant height: benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased height by 9.5%, while Cycocel and abscisic acid reduced height by up to 18.5%. All treatments increased the number of flowers compared to the control, with Cycocel and salicylic acid resulting in the highest flower numbers, an increase of 40%. Cycocel enhanced boll number by 7.5%, while salicylic acid, benzyl adenine, and abscisic acid decreased it by 4.8%, 9%, and 25%, respectively. The highest yield (2569 kg/ha) was observed with Cycocel treatment, followed by brassinosteroids and benzyl adenine, which also improved yield relative to the control. In contrast, abscisic acid reduced yield by 5.3%. Cycocel promoted early maturity, achieving 83.6%, while benzyl adenine, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids delayed maturity. Although lint percentage was influenced by genotype, it was not significantly affected by growth regulators, suggesting its strong genetic dependence. Overall, foliar application of growth regulators, particularly Cycocel, significantly enhanced the yield and morphological traits of cotton cultivars.

 

Conclusion: Cycocel application increased flower and boll numbers on cotton branches, thereby improving yield. Additionally, Cycocel positively influenced early maturity, making it a promising growth regulator for optimizing cotton productivity and phenological traits.

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Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches
Volume 12, Issue 1 - Serial Number 20
September 2024
Pages 83-100

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