Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
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Scientific member
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Khorasan Razavi province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center-Kashmar, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Stations
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Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center- Mashhad
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South Khorasan Province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center- Birjand
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مربی پژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی
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Khorasan Razavi province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Feizabad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station
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Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute-Karaj
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant certification and Registration Institute-Karaj
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Tehran province-Varamin
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorasan Razavi province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorasan Razavi province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center-Kashmar, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Stations
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Khorasan province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center-Birjand
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Khorasan province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center- Mohammadiyeh-Birjand Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Khorasan province, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Khorasan province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
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Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant certification and Registration Institute-Karaj,
10.22092/ijcr.2025.371054.1244
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diploid cotton species (Gossypium herbaceum L. and G. arboreum L.) exhibit broad ecological adaptability, deep root systems, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, making them particularly suitable for cultivation in arid and water-limited environments. In Iran, the only improved diploid cultivar is the obsolete G. herbaceum variety Arya, developed through selection from the native population 35-24 and no longer widely cultivated. To develop new diploid cotton cultivars, the Cotton Research Institute of Iran conducted interspecific hybridization between G. arboreum and G. herbaceum, resulting in three promising lines. In addition, the native colored-fiber Maleh population is traditionally cultivated in Razavi and South Khorasan provinces. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability and to assess the distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) of quantitative and qualitative morphological traits of three candidate diploid lines (11-92-DK, 17-92-DK, and 19-92-DK) and the Maleh population, in comparison with the diploid check cultivars Arya and Ghoozeh Ghermez, for variety registration and release.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2020–2021 through joint collaboration among the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), the Cotton Research Institute of Iran, and the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). Two experiments were performed. The first experiment evaluated the agronomic adaptability of three improved diploid cotton lines (11-92-DK, 17-92-DK, and 19-92-DK) compared with the diploid check cultivars Arya and Ghoozeh Ghermez across four research stations (Kashmar, Fayzabad, Sabzevar, and Neyshabur) in Khorasan Razavi Province over two consecutive years. Traits measured included boll weight, seed cotton yield, earliness index, plant height, number of monopodial (vegetative) branches, number of sympodial (fruiting) branches, number of open and closed bolls, and ginning outturn.
The second experiment was conducted at the research field of the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute in Karaj to evaluate DUS characteristics of the three improved diploid lines and the native Maleh population, compared with the two check cultivars, over two years. Seeds of the improved lines were obtained from the Cotton Research Institute of Iran, while seeds of the Maleh population were obtained from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. All genotypes were grown under recommended agronomic practices. A total of 34 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits were recorded according to the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) guidelines for cotton DUS testing. Fiber technological properties were analyzed at the National Reference Laboratory for Technological Quality of Cotton Fibers (Varamin, Tehran Province).
Results: The improved diploid line 11-92-DK showed superior performance compared with the check cultivars and the other candidate lines for nine quantitative traits, including seed cotton yield, number of monopodial branches, number of open and closed bolls, 100-seed weight, ginning outturn, fiber length, fiber uniformity, and fiber strength. Lines 17-92-DK and 19-92-DK were superior for six and five traits, respectively. The improved diploid lines were uniform and stable, sharing 23 morphological traits while being clearly distinct in 11 traits. The native Maleh population was distinct from all improved lines and check cultivars, particularly in plant height, cream-colored lint, and fiber characteristics.
Conclusion: The evaluated improved diploid cotton lines exhibited clear, uniform, and stable distinctness and meet the requirements for varietal registration. In addition, the native Maleh population demonstrated sufficient distinctiveness to be registered as a national plant genetic resource, emphasizing its importance for conservation and its potential utility in future diploid cotton breeding programs.
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