اثر تنش شوری روی جمعیت آفات مکنده در پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی

10.22092/ijcr.2024.365609.1213

چکیده

سابقه و هدف تحقیق: الیاف، بذر و ساقه‌های پنبه به طور گسترده در صنعت نساجی، فرآورده‌های مواد غذایی و خوراکی و کاغذسازی استفاده می‌شود. تنش شوری یکی از عوامل مهم و تاثیر‌گذار بر رشد و نمو طبیعی پنبه بوده و توسعه کشت این محصول استراتژیک را در جهان محدود می‌کند.
مواد و روش ها: برای بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری در تراکم جمعیت آفات مهم مکنده پنبه در ارقام متحمل به شوری، تحقیقی دوساله در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با شش رقم پنبه متحمل به شوری شامل ساحل، سپید، سیندوز، 43200، چوکورووا و سیلند در چهار تکرار در استان گلستان اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق هر تیمار یا رقم، در 4 کرت و هر کرت با 10 خط کشت به طول 11 متر و با فاصله ردیف 8/0 متر از یکدیگر و نیز با فاصله روی ردیف 2/0 متر از هم کشت شدند. در این آزمایش از صفات عملکرد محصول و تعداد جمعیت آفات مکنده مهم پنبه شامل تریپس Thrips tabaci L. ، سفید بالک Bemisisa tabacii Gen. و شته پنبه Aphis gossyppii Glo. یادداشت برداری بصورت هفتگی صورت گرفت و نهایتا تیمارها با هم مقایسه آماری شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج آنالیز داده‌های بدست آمده از این آزمایش نشان داد ارقام به لحاظ صفات عملکرد محصول و تراکم جمعیت آفت تریپس پنبه تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری از هم ندارند اما به لحاظ صفات تراکم جمعیت آفات شته و سفید بالک پنبه در  هر برگ تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری به ترتیب در سطح 5 درصد و 1 درصد از هم دارند. مقایسه میانگین‌های تراکم جمعیت آفات شته و سفید بالک پنبه در این آزمایش به روش دانکن و در سطح 5 درصد هم  معنی‌دار بوده و بالاترین تراکم جمعیت آفات تریپس، شته و سفید بالک پنبه به ترتیب مربوط به ارقام ساحل با میانگین 53/0 عدد در بوته، سیندوز با میانگین9/7 عدد در برگ و سیندوز با میانگین62/2 عدد در برگ است. همچنین پایین ترین میزان تراکم جمعیت آفات تریپس، شته و سفید بالک پنبه به ترتیب مربوط به ارقام سپید با میانگین 38/0 عدد در بوته، رقم سپید با میانگین 5/4 عدد در برگ و رقم سپید به میانگین 17/1 عدد در برگ است.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به ارقام متفاوتی که در برابر تنش شوری در این آزمایش انتخاب شدند، نتایج آزمایش نشان داد رقم سیندوز بیشترین میزان آفت را به خود جلب کرده، اما رقم سپید در مقایسه با بقیه ارقام، دارای رشد و  نمو و عملکرد مناسب، کیفیت خوب و متحمل در مقابل حشرات آفات مکنده است و این نتایج می‌تواند به توسعه و مدیریت کشت پنبه در اراضی شور به ما کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salinity stress on the population of sucking pests in cotton

نویسنده [English]

  • Rohollah Faez
Reasercher
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Cotton fibers, seeds, and stalks are widely used in the textile industry, food and feed products, and paper making. Salinity stress is a significant factor affecting the natural growth and development of cotton, limiting the cultivation of this strategic crop worldwide.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of salinity stress on the population density of important cotton-sucking pests in salinity-tolerant cultivars, a two-year study was conducted using a completely randomized block design. Six salinity-tolerant cotton cultivars (Sahel, Sepid, Sinduz, 43200, Chokurova, and Siland) were evaluated with four replications in Golestan province. Each treatment or cultivar was planted in four plots, each plot consisting of 10 rows, each 11 meters long, with a row spacing of 0.8 meters and plant spacing of 0.2 meters. Data were collected on yield characteristics and population densities of key cotton-sucking pests, including thrips, whitefly, and cotton aphid. The treatments were then compared.
Results: The data analysis showed no statistically significant differences among cultivars in terms of yield traits and cotton thrips pest population density. However, there were statistically significant differences in terms of cotton aphid and cotton boll weevil population densities per leaf at the 0.05% and 0.01% levels. Using Duncan's method, the comparison of aphid and whitefly population densities was significant at the 5% level. The highest population densities of thrips, aphids, and cotton boll weevils were observed in the Chokurova cultivar with an average of 0.5 per plant, the Sinduz cultivar with an average of 7.9 per leaf, and the Sinduz cultivar with an average of 2.6 per leaf, respectively. Conversely, the lowest population densities of cotton thrips, aphids, and whiteflies were found in the Sepid cultivar, with averages of 0.38 per plant, 4.5 per leaf, and 1.2 per leaf, respectively.
Conclusions: Among the salinity-tolerant cultivars selected in this experiment, the Sinduz variety attracted the highest number of pests. However, the Sepid variety demonstrated good growth and yield, high quality, and tolerance to sucking insects. These results suggest that the Sepid variety is a promising candidate for developing and managing cotton cultivation in saline areas.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Cotton varieties"
  • "sucking pests"
  • "salinity stress"

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