ارزیابی اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام جدید پنبه در منطقه کاشمر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد،

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

4 استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خراسان رضوی

10.22092/ijcr.2024.365893.1215

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پنبه از جمله گیاهان زراعی با ارزشی است که به‌دلیل اهمیت اقتصادی، زراعی و تجاری آن، به طلای سفید معروف است. این گیاه نسبت به شرایط محیطی بسیار حساس است و عواملی از جمله رقم، تراکم بوته، زمان کاشت، تغذیه، شیوه‌های مدیریت آب و روش کاشت روی عملکرد پنبه مؤثرند؛ بنابراین افزایش عملکرد با تلفیق مناسبی از روش‌های مختلف مدیریت زراعی، رعایت تاریخ و روش کاشت مناسب برای دستیابی به پتانسیل یک رقم در منطقه امکان‎پذیر است. این تحقیق به‌منظور تعیین تاریخ کاشت بهینه ارقام جدید پنبه و ارزیابی اثرات آن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش طی دو سال 1398 و 1399 در ایستگاه تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کاشمر به‌صورت آزمایش اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (20 اردیبهشت، 10 خرداد و 30 خرداد) و فاکتور فرعی شامل ارقام تجاری پنبه در چهار سطح (ارمغان، شایان، خورشید و خرداد) بود. در زمان برداشت، صفات وزن غوزه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر طوقه، تعداد شاخه‌های رویا و زایا، تعداد غوزه باز و بسته، زودرسی و عملکرد وش اندازه‌گیری و ثبت شدند. عملکرد وش در پایان فصل، پس از حذف نیم متر از ابتدا و انتهای هر کرت با برداشت تمامی بوته‌ها از دو خط وسط انجام شد. زودرسی از نسبت عملکرد چین اول به عملکرد کل ضرب در عدد صد محاسبه شد. به‌منظور انجام تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها از نرم‌افزار SAS استفاده شد.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد غوزه بسته و کمترین وزن غوزه، عملکرد وش، ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه رویا و زایا و تعداد غوزه باز مربوط به آخرین تاریخ کاشت (30 خرداد) است. تأخیر در کاشت به‌طور متوسط عملکرد وش را 24 درصد کاهش داد. در تاریخ کاشت 30 خرداد به‌دلیل باز نشدن غوزه‌ها و برخورد با سرمای پاییزه هیچ‌گونه وشی برداشت نشد و کاهش عملکرد 100 درصدی مشاهده شد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد وش به‌ترتیب مربوط به رقم خورشید در تاریخ کاشت 20 اردیبهشت و رقم شایان در تاریخ کاشت 10 خرداد بود. رقم خرداد کمترین کاهش عملکرد را به دنبال تأخیر در کاشت نسبت به ارقام دیگر داشت و رقم خورشید در رتبه بعدی قرار گرفت.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه کنونی نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت بهینه ارقام مورد مطالعه در منطقه کاشمر 10 خرداد ماه می‌باشد و تأخیر بیشتر در زمان کاشت باعث کاهش شدید عملکرد می‌شود. با این حال واکنش ارقام نسبت به تأخیر در کاشت متفاوت بود و ارقام خرداد و خورشید با داشتن بالاترین عملکرد وش کاهش عملکرد کمتری نسبت به دو رقم دیگر نشان دادند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of planting date on yield and yield components of new cotton cultivars in Kashmar location

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Najjar 1
  • Fatemeh Saeidnia 2
  • Majid Taherian 3
  • Hamid Reza Mehrabadi 4
1 Researcher of Horticulture Crop Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Resaerch and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, 91769-83641, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Agricultural and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, 91769-83641, Ir
4 Assistant Professor of Agricultural and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, 91769-83641, Ir
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Cotton is one of the valuable agricultural plants, which is known as white gold due to its economic, agricultural and commercial importance. This plant is very sensitive to environmental conditions, and factors such as variety, plant density, planting time, nutrition, water management methods and planting methods are effective on its performance; Therefore, it is possible to increase the yield with a proper combination of different methods of crop management, compliance with the appropriate planting date and method to achieve the potential of a variety. This research was conducted to determine the optimal planting date of new cotton cultivars and evaluate its effects on yield and yield components of cotton. 
Materials and methods: This research was conducted in the two years of 2018 and 2019 at the Research and Training Station of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Kashmar as a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included planting date in three levels (10 May, 31 May, and 20 June) and the second factor included commercial cotton cultivars in four levels (Armaghan, Shayan, Khorshid, and Khordad). At the time of harvest, traits of boll weight, plant height, crown diameter, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, number of open and closed bolls, earliness and crop yield were measured and recorded. The yield was measured at the end of the season, after removing half a meter from the beginning and end of each plot by removing all plants from the two middle lines. Earliness was calculated from the ratio of the yield of the first harvest to the total yield multiplied by the number of hundred. Analysis of variance and mean comparison were performed using SAS software. 
Results: The results showed that the highest number of closed bolls and the lowest boll weight, yield, plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, and the number of open bolls were belonged to the last planting date (20 June). The delay in planting reduced the average yield of cotton by 24%. In 20 June, due to the non-opening of the bolls and exposure to the autumn cold, no yield was harvested and a 100% yield reduction was observed. The highest and lowest yield was related to Khorshid variety in 10 May and Shayan variety in 31 May, respectively. Khordad cultivar had the lowest yield reduction due to the delay in planting compared to the other cultivars, and Khorshid cultivar was ranked next. 
Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that the optimal planting date of the studied cultivars in Kashmir region is up to June 10, and further delay in the planting time causes a severe decrease in yield. However, the response of cultivars to the delay in planting was different, and Khordad and Khorshid cultivars, having the highest yield, showed a lower yield reduction than the other two cultivars.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earliness
  • delayed planting
  • white gold
  • yield
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