مروری بر نقش اتیلن در بیماریزایی و مقاومت به بیمارگرهای گیاهی پنبه

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی-مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب-دانشگاه هرمزگان-بندرعباس

2 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

10.22092/ijcr.2024.365896.1216

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: هورمون گیاهی اتیلن به دلیل طبیعت ویژه­ی گازی شکل و شرکت در بسیاری از فرآیندهای رشد و نمو گیاهی، از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. بیوسنتز و مسیر انتقال پیام اتیلن توسط پژوهش­های گسترده­ای به خوبی مطالعه شده است. علاوه بر ایفای نقش به عنوان یک تنظیم کننده­ی رشد و نمو گیاه، اتیلن در پدیده­هایی نظیر بیماری­زایی و پاسخ­های دفاعی در مقاومت گیاه نیز دخالت دارد. اتیلن همچنین با داشتن برهمکنش­های آنتاگونیستی و یا هم­افزایی با سایر هورمون­های دفاعی مانند سالیسیلیک اسید، جاسمونیک اسید و آبسیزیک اسید، پاسخ­های دفاعی را با فعالیت فاکتورهای رونویسی مختلفی در شبکه­ی پیچیده­ی انتقال پیام خود، تنظیم می­کند. همچنین نقش اتیلن در مقاومت گیاهان علیه بیمارگرهای مختلف مشخص شده است. علاوه بر این، پژوهش­های زیادی نقش دوگانه­ی این هورمون را در فرآیند بیماری­زایی و پاسخ­های دفاعی گیاه در برابر تنش­های زنده (حمله­ی بیمارگر) شامل ساخت سدهای فیزیکی، تولید فیتوآلکسین‌ها، بیان پروتئین­های مرتبط با دفاع و مقاومت­های ژن برای ژن، مقاومت القایی سیستمیک (ISR) و مقاومت اکتسابی سیستمیک (SAR)، مورد تأیید قرار داده­اند. همچنین، ردپای این هورمون چه در پاسخ­های دفاعی وابسته به آن (ISR) و چه در پاسخ­های غیروابسته (SAR) مشاهده شده است. در این میان، گیاه پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum  L.) به‌عنوان یکی از محصولات مهم اقتصادی، مورد حمله تعدادی از آفات و بیماری­های گیاهی قرار می­گیرد که کمیت و کیفیت محصول را به طرز معنی­داری کاهش می­دهد. از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزا می­توان به قارچ خاکزی Verticillium dahliae اشاره کرد که باعث بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی در پنبه می­شود و به شدت خسارت­زا می­باشد. این بیمارگر باعث ایجاد علائمی نظیر پژمردگی برگ، زردی و بافت مردگی در گیاه پنبه می­شود. در این مقاله سعی شده است تا با مرور نتایج بدست آمده در مطالعات پیشین درباره نقش اتیلن در بیماری­زایی و مقاومت و برهمکنش اتیلن با گیاه پنبه علیه بیمارگرهای گیاهی به ویژه قارچ V. dahliae، تصویری واضح­تر از نقش این هورمون گیاهی در فرآیندهای بیماری­زایی و مقاومت در پنبه ارائه شود.
 
نتیجه­گیری: اتیلن در گیاه پنبه در پیام رسانی در طی برهمکنش پنبه-قارچ V. dahliae نقش دارد و بعضی از اجزای دخیل در پیام رسانی اتیلن، مقاومت پنبه به V. dahliae را به طور مثبت تنظیم می­کنند. از طرف دیگر در گیاهان با علائم برگ­ریزی القا شده توسط قارچ V. dahliae، میزان تولید اتیلن با شدت پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی در پنبه ارتباط مستقیم دارند. در نتیجه، به نظر می­رسد که اتیلن نقش­های متعددی و پیچیده­ای را در تنظیم ایمنی گیاه پنبه علیه قارچ V. dahliae ایفا می­کند، که هم در افزایش مقاومت و حساسیت گیاه مشارکت دارد. شناخت بیشتر نقش اتیلن درگیاه، شناسایی تنظیم کننده های مثبت و منفی اتیلن و همچنین مطالعه اثر ترکیبات محرک اتیلن می­تواند در آینده به منظور تولید گیاهان مقاوم علیه بیمارگرهای گیاهی، نوید بخش باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A review on the role of ethylene in the pathogenicity and resistance against cotton pathogens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ashkan Asgari 1
  • AMINALLAH TAHMASEBI 2
  • MOHAMAD HAMED GHODOUM PARIZIPOUR 3
1 Agricultural Engineering Department, Minab Higher Education center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar abbas.
2 Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Ethylene is a plant hormone with specific gaseous form that plays key role in many growth and development processes. Biosynthesis and signaling pathway of ethylene has been well undertaken by a wide number of studies. In addition to its function as a plant growth regulator, ethylene is involved in phenomena such as pathogenesis and defense responses in plants. Also, ethylene exhibits antagonistic and synergistic effects on other defense hormones like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, regulating various defense responses through activating different transcription factors in its complicated signaling pathway. Dual function of ethylene in two completely different processes, pathogenesis and resistance, clearly shows this complexity. Investigation of spatial patterns of ethylene shows its local and systemic activity in the induction of plant defense genes. The cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as an economically important crop, is attacked by a number of pests and plant pathogens that significantly reduce the quantity and quality of the cotton product. One of the most important pathogens is the soil fungus Verticillium dahliae, which causes verticillium wilt disease in cotton and is highly destructive pathogen. This pathogen causes symptoms such as wilting, chlorosis and necrosis in the cotton plants. In this paper, we attempted to review the results of previous studies on the interaction between ethylene and cotton diseases for illustrating a clearer picture of ethylene role in both pathogenesis and resistance processes against cotton pathogens.
 
Conclusion: Ethylene plays a role in signaling during cotton-fungus V. dahliae interaction, and some components involved in ethylene signaling positively regulate cotton resistance to V. dahliae. On the other hand, in the cotton plants with defoliation symptoms induced by the fungus V. dahliae, the ethylene production is directly related to the severity of verticillium wilt in cotton. As a result, it seems that ethylene plays multiple and complex roles in regulating the immunity of cotton plant against V. dahliae fungus, which is involved in increasing the resistance and sensitivity of the cotton plants. Knowing more about the role of ethylene in cotton plants and identifying the positive and negative regulators of ethylene could be a promising option in order to generate disease resistance against plant pathogens.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Defense response
  • Pathogenesis
  • Plant hormone
  • Resistance
  • Susceptibility

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پژوهش های پنبه ایران
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 23-36

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