بررسی سازگاری و عملکرد ارقام پنبه داخلی در منطقه سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان

2 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان – زابل.

3 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

10.22092/ijcr.2024.363927.1206

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پنبه یکی از مهمترین گیاهان صنعتی در جهان است، که در اکثر کشورها به عنوان یک محصول استراتژیک شناخته شده و یکی از گیاهان مناسب برای کشت در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می باشد. گیاه پنبه بدلیل اشتغال­زایی نسبتا بالای آن و مصارف مختلف محصول الیاف آن، تامین خوراک دام، روغن نباتی و سازگاری بالا با کشاورزی پایدار در مقایسه با محصولات رقیب بویژه ذرت اهمیت بسزایی دارا می­باشد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: به منظور ارزیابی صفات و شناسایی ارقام سازگار پنبه در منطقه سیستان، 14 رقم پنبه در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زهک (منطقه سیستان) در دو سال زراعی (1401-1400 و 1400-1399) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج تجزیه مرکب داده ها نشان داد که صفات: زودرسی، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن یک غوزه، عملکرد چین سوم و عملکرد در هکتار در سطح احتمال آماری یک درصد و صفات: تعداد شاخه زایا، عملکرد چین اول و عملکرد چین دوم در سطح احتمال آماری 5 درصد معنی دار گردید. به طور کلی ارقام مورد بررسی دارای ویژگی های منحصر به فردی بودند. در بین ارقام مورد ارزیابی رقم لطیف(6932 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، خرداد(6880 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، گلستان(6766 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، خورشید(6664 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سپید(6394 کیلوگرم در هکتار) دارای بیشترین عملکرد در هکتار و رقم ارمغان(3408 کیلوگرم در هکتار) دارای کمترین مقدار عملکرد بودند. ارقام خورشید و خرداد کوتاه ترین و رقم سپید طولانی ترین زمان رشد و رسیدگی را دارا بودند.
 
نتیجه گیری: ارقام لطیف و گلستان در شرایط تغییرات آب و هوایی (در سال دوم کشت)، تولید پایداری­تری نسبت به ارقام دیگر داشتند. در تغییرات اقلیمی و مخاطرات محیطی (افزایش شوری آب و خاک) گیاهان با کمترین تغییرات در عملکرد به پایداری تولید در آن منطقه کمک شایانی خواهد داشت. رقم های خورشید و خرداد زودرس­تر از سایر ارقام بودند که برای مناطقی با شرایط اقلیمی سیستان (بادهای 120 روزه) مناسب­تر می باشد. این دو رقم علاوه بر کوتاهی دوره رشد در بین گروه ارقام پر محصول نیز قرار دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the compatibility and performance of domestic cotton cultivars in Sistan region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolghasem Moradgholi 1
  • Mansoor Sarani 2
  • Mohammadreza Narouirad 2
  • Mohammad reza Zangi 3
1 Researcher, Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan
2 Assistant Professor at the Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources in Sistan-Zabol.
3 Faculty member, the Cotton Research Institute
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Cotton is a vital industrial crop worldwide, recognized as a strategic commodity in many countries and particularly well-suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. Its significance stems from its potential to generate employment, its diverse applications—including fiber production, animal feed, and vegetable oil—and its compatibility with sustainable agricultural practices compared to other crops, such as corn.
 
Materials and Methods: To evaluate key traits and identify the most suitable cotton cultivars for the Sistan region, a study was conducted involving 14 cotton cultivars. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with three replications, carried out at the Zahak Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station over two crop years (2021-2022 and 2022-2023).
 
Results: Analysis of the composite data revealed significant differences in several traits. Traits such as earliness, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, yield from the third row, and yield per hectare showed significant differences at the 1% probability level. Additionally, the number of sympodial branches, yield from the first row, and yield from the second row were significant at the 5% probability level. The cultivars exhibited distinct characteristics, with Latif (6,932 kg/ha), Khordad (6,880 kg/ha), Golestan (6,766 kg/ha), Khorshid (6,664 kg/ha), and Sepid (6,394 kg/ha) demonstrating the highest yields per hectare. In contrast, the Armaghan variety yielded the lowest at 3,408 kg/ha. Among the cultivars, Khorshid and Khordad had the shortest growth periods, while the white cultivars had the longest growth and ripening times.
 
Conclusion: The Latif and Golestan cultivars showed more stable production compared to others, particularly under changing climate conditions in the second year of cultivation. Considering the impacts of climate change and environmental challenges such as increasing water and soil salinity, these cultivars offer better production sustainability. Additionally, Khorshid and Khordad cultivars, with their earlier maturation, are well-suited to the Sistan region's climatic conditions, including its 120-day winds. These cultivars not only have shorter growth periods but also rank among the highest in yield.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compatibility
  • variety
  • yield
  • growth period
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