بررسی تراکم جمعیت آفات مهم ارقام جدید پنبه در شرایط مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هئیت علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

2 عضو هیات علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

3 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات به زراعی موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور،سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،گرگان، ایران

4 معاون پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

5 2- کارشناس آزمایشگاه مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

10.22092/ijcr.2025.367247.1228

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گیاه پنبه (hirsutum Gossypium) به‌عنوان یکی از محصولات کلیدی کشاورزی، نقشی محوری در تأمین مواد اولیه صنایع نساجی و روغن‌کشی دارد. با این حال، تراکم جمعیت آفات مهم نظیر تریپس پیاز، شته سبز، مگس سفید و کرم غوزه، تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی مانند رطوبت خاک قرار گرفته و به طور مستقیم بر عملکرد محصول تأثیر می‌گذارد. در این پژوهش، به منظور بهبود مدیریت آفات و مصرف بهینه آب، اثر پنج سطح مختلف آبیاری قطره‌ای بر شش ژنوتیپ جدید پنبه شامل SkSH249، N2G80، GkTb113، SKT133، Bc244، NSK847 و رقم تجاری گلستان به عنوان شاهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه در طی دو سال زراعی در ایستگاه تحقیقات پنبه هاشم‌آباد گرگان انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری با استفاده از سیستم قطره‌ای اجرا شد و تراکم جمعیت آفات به صورت هفتگی شمارش گردید. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری قطره‌ای شامل پنج سطح دیم (W0) ،33 درصد (W33)، 66 درصد (W66) ، 100 درصد (W100) و 133 درصد (W133) از نیاز آبی گیاه پنبه ود. تراکم جمعیت آفات مکنده مهم نظیر تریپس پیاز، شته سبز پنبه، مگس سفید پنبه، زنجرک سبز و کرم غوزه پنبه به صورت هفتگی و در ده بوته از هر کرت اندازه‌گیری و ثبت شد. عملکرد محصول در پایان فصل نیز محاسبه شد.
 
یافته‌ها: بیشترین تراکم تریپس و شته در تیمار 133 درصد نیاز آبی مشاهده شد، در حالی که کمترین تراکم این آفات در شرایط دیم و آبیاری 33 درصد ثبت گردید. عملکرد محصول در تیمارهای 66 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت، اما مصرف آب در تیمار 66 درصد به میزان 36 درصد کمتر از تیمار 100 درصد بود. کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار W66 با 814 گرم محصول به ازای هر مترمکعب آب، حدود 26 درصد بیشتر از تیمار W100 بود. ژنوتیپ‌هایNSK847،GkTb113  و رقم شاهد گلستان از نظر کارایی مصرف آب و عملکرد محصول تفاوت چندانی نداشتند.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش اهمیت استفاده از روش‌های بهینه آبیاری مانند آبیاری قطره‌ای و انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم به آفات را در مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) و کشاورزی پایدار پنبه مورد تأکید قرار می‌دهد. به ویژه در مناطق با منابع آبی محدود، کاهش دفعات و حجم آبیاری با انتخاب تیمار آبی مناسب، می‌تواند تأثیر مثبتی در کاهش تراکم آفات و حفظ عملکرد مطلوب محصول داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Population Density of Major Pests in New Cotton Cultivars at Different Irrigation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • parisa heravi 1
  • Borhan Sohrabi 2
  • Elham Faghani 3
  • omran alishah 4
  • Sedigheh Dodangi 5
1 plant protection department, Cotton Research Institute- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
3 Agronomy department, Cotton Research Institute- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
4 Cotton Research Institute - Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
5 Laboratory Expert ,Cotton Research Institute- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a vital agricultural crop, providing essential raw materials for the textile and oil industries. However, the population dynamics of key pests, including onion thrips, green aphids, whiteflies, and cotton bollworms, are influenced by environmental factors such as soil moisture, which directly affects crop yield. This study aimed to improve pest management and optimize water use by evaluating the effects of five drip irrigation levels on six new cotton genotypes (SkSH249, N2G80, GkTb113, SKT133, Bc244, NSK847) and the commercial cultivar Golestan as a control.
 
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted over two agricultural years (2019–2020) at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station, Gorgan. A drip irrigation system was employed, and pest population densities were recorded weekly. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation treatments comprised five levels: rainfed (W0), 33% (W33), 66% (W66), 100% (W100), and 133% (W133) of the cotton plant’s water requirements. Population densities of major sucking pests—including onion thrips, green aphids, whiteflies, green leafhoppers, and cotton bollworms—were assessed weekly on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Crop yield was determined at the end of the growing season.
 
Results: The highest densities of onion thrips and green aphids were observed under the W133 treatment, whereas the lowest densities occurred under rainfed (W0) and W33 treatments. No significant differences in crop yield were found between W66 and W100 treatments; however, the W66 treatment used 36% less water than W100. Water use efficiency (WUE) in the W66 treatment, yielding 814 g m⁻³, was approximately 26% higher than in W100. The genotypes NSK847 and GkTb113, alongside the commercial cultivar Golestan, exhibited comparable WUE and total crop yield.
 
Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of optimized irrigation strategies, such as drip irrigation, and the selection of pest-resistant cotton genotypes for integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable cotton farming. In water-scarce regions, reducing irrigation frequency and volume through effective water management can significantly enhance pest control while maintaining optimal crop performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • major pest
  • drip irrigation
  • new genotypes
  • IPM
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