نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
3 استاد پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objective: In Fars Province, where most of the water consumed is devoted to agriculture, the use of modern irrigation methods, especially in strategic crops such as cotton, can play an effective role in reducing the pressure on water resources. Compared to flood irrigation with farmers' usual management, drip irrigation with irrigation scheduling can reduce losses and provide more suitable conditions for plant growth. However, achieving maximum efficiency of this system requires careful irrigation scheduling based on the actual needs of the plant, climatic conditions, soil characteristics and different stages of cotton growth. In addition to reducing water consumption, combining a drip irrigation system with scientific irrigation scheduling also reduces the withdrawal of groundwater and surface water resources and helps to preserve aquifers, reduce the risk of land subsidence and stabilize the water resources of the region.
Materials and methods: In this study, the use of drip irrigation system with precise irrigation scheduling (treatment) compared to surface irrigation under usual farmer management (control) was investigated in four cotton fields from technical and economic perspectives. The location of the study was Estahban County in Fars Province. For this purpose, parameters including yield, irrigation water, actual evapotranspiration, water application efficiency, physical productivity of irrigation water, actual water productivity, net profit and economic productivity of water were measured and analyzed in both parts of these fields (treatment and control). T-test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed that the average yield of the crop increased from 3293 to 3593 kg/ha, which was an increase of more than 9%. The average volume of irrigation water decreased from 11565 in the control fields to 9090 m3/ha in the treatment fields, which showed a decrease of 21%. The application efficiency of water in the field increased from 59% to 76%, which was an increase of 17%. The physical productivity of irrigation water increased by 40% and the economic productivity of water by 72%. That is, the use of a drip irrigation system along with irrigation scheduling not only reduced the amount of irrigation water, but also did not reduce the actual evapotranspiration, which is directly related to photosynthesis and yield. Actual water productivity also increased from 0.505 to 0.539 kg/m3, an increase of 8 percent.
Conclusion: In this study, by changing the irrigation system from surface to drip and implementing irrigation scheduling, the water application efficiency in the field increased by an average of 17% and the volume of irrigation water decreased by 21%. Therefore, the development of these technologies can play an effective role in achieving the goals of food security, climate change adaptation, and water resource protection in Fars Province and other arid and semi-arid regions of the country.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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