نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Using a flamer as a non-chemical method of weed control reduces herbicide use, environmental risks arising from excessive chemical application, and the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. The aim of this study was to compare chemical weed control with integrated methods that combine a flamer and herbicide, and to evaluate their effects on weeds in cotton.
Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments and four replications: use of trifluralin herbicide at a rate of 2.5 L/ha (T); trifluralin herbicide at 2.5 L/ha plus one hand weeding in the eighth week after planting (T+H); trifluralin herbicide at 2.5 L/ha plus flamer treatment when cotton plants were 40 cm high (T+F40); flamer treatment when cotton plants were 20 cm high (F20); flamer treatment when cotton plants were 40 cm high (F40); flamer treatment twice, when cotton plants were 20 and 40 cm high (F20+F40); full-season hand weeding (H); and no weed control throughout the growing season (NC). In each plot, variables such as weed control index, dry weed weight, the rate of cotton plants damaged by flamer use, plant height, and cotton yield were measured, and the economic performance of treatments was evaluated using marginal benefit–cost ratio analysis.
Results: The dry weight of weeds in treatments F40, F20+F40, T+F40, and T+H did not differ significantly at the 5% level. The maximum weed control index was obtained in treatment F20, with 73.5%, which was in the same statistical group as treatment T+F40, with a weed control index of 64.68%. The results also indicated that treatment F20 caused more damage to the cotton plants than treatment F40. Among the treatments in which the flamer was used, the highest yield was achieved with treatment F40, at 3750 kg/ha, which did not differ significantly from treatment T+F40, with a yield of 3650 kg/ha at the 5% level.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using the flamer at a height of 40 cm above the cotton plant is preferable to using the flamer at a height of 20 cm above the cotton plants, due to less plant damage and more effective weed control. Among the treatments in which herbicide and flamer were used, the maximum yields were obtained with treatments T+H and F40, at 4250 and 3750 kg/ha, respectively. Economically, the gross margins of treatments T+H and F40 ranked first and second. Therefore, if environmental considerations are ignored, treatment T+H is recommended, and if these considerations are taken into account, treatment F40 is recommended.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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