بررسی پاسخ های دفاعی گیاهچه پنبه به الیسیتورهای قارچ تریکودرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

2 استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

بیماری مرگ گیاهچه یکی از بیماری‌‌های مهم پنبه در مناطق مختلف کشور می باشد که همه ساله خسارت زیادی به مزارع پنبه‌کاری وارد می نماید. اخیراً، گونه‌های تریکودرما به عنوان یکی از روش‌های کنترل بیولوژیکی مرگ گیاهچه در نظر گرفته شده است. مهم‌ترین مکانیسم بیوکنترلی تریکودرما تحریک سیستم دفاعی گیاه است. در این بررسی ترشحات خارج سلولی دو جدایه متعلق به قارچ Trichoderma virense جدایه  A224، بعنوان جدایه برتر و آنتاگونیست علیه قارچ Rhizoctonia solani عامل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه پنبه و جدایه  A442 بعنوان جدایه غیر موثر در بیوکنترل مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. بررسی تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و میزان گوسیپول عصاره ریشه‌چه پنبه بعنوان معیارهایی در بررسی خصوصیات تحریک کنندگی (الیسیتوری) ترشحات خارج سلولی با استفاده از روش‌های کالریمتری و دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. در نهایت برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیکی مواد القاء‌کننده مقاومت در ترشحات خارج سلولی نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در بررسی‌های آزمایشگاهی مشخص گردید ترشحات خارج سلولی جدایه تریکودرما A224 موثر در بیوکنترل، در مقایسه با جدایه غیر موثر در بیوکنترل (جدایه تریکودرما A442) باعث القاء ترکیبات مرتبط با دفاع (فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و میزان گوسیپول) در ریشه‌چه پنبه گردید. در این بررسی مشخص گردید، الیسیتورهای موجود در این ترشحات مقاوم به حرارت، غیر قابل حل در کلروفرم و حساس به پروتئینازk بودند. از آنجایی که این الیسیتورها به پروتئینازk حساسیت نشان دادند می‌توان پی به ماهیت پروتئینی یا گلیکوپروتئینی این ترکیبات برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Defense responses of cotton seedling to Trichoderma elicitors

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Azad Disfani 1
  • H. Rohani 2
  • M. Falahati Rastegar 2
  • E. Mahdikhani Moghaddam 3
چکیده [English]

Seedling damping-off is a major disease of cotton in various areas of Iran that damages to cotton fieldsevery year.Recently,Trichoderma spp. areconsidered as one of the biological agents forseedling damping-off controll.Induction of plant defensive system is the most important mechanism to biocontrol ofTrichoderma spp. In this study, extra-cellular flouids derived from culture filtrates of two isolatesof Trichoderma virensaseffective biocontrol on cotton seedling damping-offcausedby Rhozoctonia solaniisolate A224 andnoneffective biocontrolisolateA442 were studied. The characteristics of elicitation activity were assayed by peroxidase and gossypol level of rootlet extracts and were evaluated by colorimetric methods and spectrophotometer. Biochemical and physical aspects of elicitore compounds of culture filtrates were measured too.The results showed that culture filtrates from effective biocontrol isolate A224 of Trichoderma virens was found to stimulate elicitore compounds (peroxidase and gossypol) in cotton radicle than noneffective biocontrolisolateA442 of T.virens.The results confirmedthese elicitors were found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroformand sensitive to treatment by proteinase K. The elicitors are most likely proteins or glycoproteins.

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