عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سه رقم پنبه تحت تاثیر تراکم‎های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اعضای هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تراکم کشت بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سه رقم پنبه، پژوهشی دو ساله در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان انجام شد. برای انجام این پژوهش از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار استفاده شد. ارقام تابلادیلا، B557 و ورامین (شاهد) به عنوان فاکتور اول و سه تراکم کاشت 7/1، 9/5 و 14/3 بوته در مترمربع به عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شد. بین ارقام از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی‎دار وجود داشت. رقم B-557 با تولید 5470 کیلوگرم وش در هکتار بالاترین مقدار عملکرد را در این پژوهش تولید نمود. در سال اول و دوم پژوهش به ترتیب 55 و 44 درصد عملکرد رقم B557 از چین اول بدست آمد .اگرچه وزن غوزه‎ها در این رقم نسبت به دو رقم دیگر تفاوتی نداشت اما تعداد غوزه در این رقم بطور معنی‎دار بالاتر بود. تاثیر تراکم کاشت‎های مختلف و برهمکنش تراکم و رقم بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد از نظر آماری معنی‎دار نبود. کمترین میزان تراکم بکار گرفته شده در این پژوهش (7/1 بوته در مترمربع) کمترین درصد بوته سبز شده در هکتار را داشت. تراکم 14/3 بوته در مترمربع با 116/2 سانتی‎متر ارتفاع بالاترین مقدار ارتفاع را به خود اختصاص داد. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش ارقام آزمایش شده دامنه وسیعی از تراکم را بدون کاهش عملکرد تحمل می کنند، اما پتانسیل عملکرد رقم B557 نسبت به دو رقم دیگر بیشتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield and yield components of three varieties of cotton, under the influence of different densities

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jafaraghaei
  • A.H. Jalali
Scientific staff members, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of planting density on yield and yield components of three varieties of cotton were studied in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan during 2 years. Experiment was done using a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications. Tabladyla, B557 and Varamin (control) cultivars were considered as the first factor and three planting densities 7.1, 9.5 and 14.3 plant m-2 as the second factor, respectively. By results, there was a statistically significant difference between the cultivars. B557 varieties, with production of 5,471 kg ha-1, had highest yield in this study. The first and second years, 55 and 64 percent of the yield of was obtained the first harvest respectively. B557 produced significantly more boll number than others. Boll weight showed no-significant difference. Effect of various planting densities and the interaction of density and varieties on yield and yield components were not statistically significant. The lowest densities used in this study (7.1 plant m-2) had the lowest percentage of stand plants in a hectare. Density of 14.3 plants m-2 meter with 116.2 cm in height had the highest amount. According to the results of this study, cultivars can tolerated a wide range of densities without loss of performance. On the other hand, the yield potential of the B557 cultivar is higher than the other two varieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boll Numbers
  • First harvest
  • Environmental condition
  • yield

مراجع

Bednarz, C.W., Don Shurley, W., Anthony, W.S. and Nichols, R.L. 2005. Yield, quality, and profitability of cotton produced at varying plant densities. Agron. J. 97:235-240.
Boquet, D.J. 2005. Cotton in ultra-narrow spacing: plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates. Agron. J. 97:279-287.
Bridge, R.R., Meredith, W.R., and Chism, J.F. 1973. Influence of planting method and plant population on cotton. Agron. J. 65:104-109.
Buxton, D.R., Patterson, L., and Briggs, R.E. 1979. Fruiting pattern in narrow – row cotton. Crop Sci. 19: 17–22.
Dong, H.Z., Li, Tang, W.J., Z.H. and Zhang. 2005. Evaluation of a production system in China that uses reduced plant densities and retention of vegetative branches. J. Cotton Sci. 10:1-9.
Ernest, L., Clawson, J., Cothren, T. and Blouin, D.C. 2006. Nitrogen fertilization and yield of cotton in ultra-narrow and conventional Row spacing. Agron. J, 98: 72 –79.
Harrell, D.C. and Culp, T.W. 1976. Effects of yield components on lint yield of upland cotton with high fiber strength. Crop Sci. 16:205-208.
Hiks, S.K., Wendt, C.W., Gannaway, J.R. and Baker, R.B. 1989. Allelopathic effects of wheat straw on cotton germination, emergence and yield. Crop Sci. 29:1057-1061
Jones, M.A. and Wells, R. 1997. Dry matter allocation and fruiting patterns of cotton grown at two divergent plant populations. Crop Sci. 37:797-802.
Jones, M.A., Sinpes, C.E. and Tupper, G.R. 2000. Management systems for transgenic cotton in ultra-narrow rows. P. 714-717. In: P. Dugger and D. Richter (ed.) Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf., San Antonio, TX. 4-8 Jan. 2000. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
Jost, P.H. and Cothren, J.T. 2001: Phenotypic alterations and crop maturity difference in ultranarrow row and conventional spaced cotton. Crop Sci. 41, 1150-1159.
Kerby, T.A., Cassman, K.G. and Keely, M. 1990. Genotypes and plant densities for narrow row cotton systems. I: Height, nodes, earliness, and location of yield. Crop Sci. 30:644-649.
Kerby, T.A., Hake, S.J., Hake, K.D., Carter, L.M. and Garber, R.H.1996. Seed quality and planting environment. P, 203-209. In: S.J. Hake, T.A., Kerby, and K.D. Hake (eds.) Cotton production manual. ANR Publication, University of California, Oakland, CA.
Kittock, D.L., Selley, R.A., Cain C.J. and Taylor, B.B. 1986. Plant population and plant height effects on pima cotton lint yield. Agron. J. 78: 534-538.
McCary, J.C., Jenkins, J.N. and Wu, J. 2004. Primitive Accession Derived Germplasm by Cultivar Crosses as Sources for Cotton Improvement: I.Phenotypic Values and Variance Components. Crop Sci. 44:12226-1230.
Mohamad, K.B., Sappenfield, W.P. and Poehlman, J.M. 1982. Cotton Cultivar Response to Plant Populations in a Short-Season, Narrow-Row Cultural System. Agron. J. 74:619-625.
Rosenthal, W.D. and Gerik, T.J. 1991. Radiation use efficiency among cotton cultivars. Agron. J. 83:655-658.
SAS Institute. 2007. SAS Onlinedoc 9.1.3 SAS. Inst., Cary, NC. Available at http://support. Sas.com/onlinedoc./913/docMainpage, JSP (verified 19 June 2007).
Siebert, J.D., Stewart, A.M. and Leonard, B.R. 2006. Comparative growth and yield of cotton grown at various densities and configurations. Agron. J. 98:562–568.
Unruh, B.L. and Silvertooth, J.C. 1995. Comparisons between upland and a Pima Cotton Cultivar: II. Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning. Agron. J. 88:589-595.
Worley, S., Culp, T.W. and Harrell, D.C. 1974. The relative contribution of yield components to lint yield of upland cotton. Euphytica 23:399-403.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار