تاثیر مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد ارقام پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران

2 استاد موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور

چکیده

به منظور انتخاب بهترین شیوه مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز مزارع پنبه، آزمایشی در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ورامین در سال زراعی 1388 در قالب طرح آزمایشی کرت‌های خرد شده و طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در کرت‌های اصلی شیوه مدیریت علف‌های هرز در چهار سطح شامل کاربرد علف‌کش تری‌فلورالین به همراه یک مرحله وجین دستی و یا دو مرحله وجین دستی، شاهد بدون کنترل علف‌های هرز و شاهد کنترل کامل علف‌های هرز انتساب شد. در کرته‌های فرعی نیز پنج رقم پنبه شامل ارقام ورامین، اولتان، مهر، سپید و خرداد کشت گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در بین شیوه‌های مدیریت، تیمار کاربرد علف‌کش تری‌فلورالین با دو مرحله وجین توانست ضمن کنترل مناسب و کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز سبب افزایش عملکرد پنبه در تمام ارقام مورد مطالعه شود. کسب شرایط رویشی مطلوب با افزایش ارتفاع، تولید شاخه‌های رویشی و زایشی و برقراری سطح برگ و کانوپی مناسب موجب افزایش توان رقابتی بوته‌های پنبه شد. بین ارقام مورد کشت رقم سپید علی‌رغم ارتفاع کمتر با وزن خشک برگ و ساقه بیشتر باعث کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز شد. کمترین میزان عملکرد متعلق به رقم اولتان به‌دلیل ساختار کانوپی و تیپ رشدی بدست آمد و در مقابل رقم ورامین و خرداد با حداکثر ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه زایشی، تعداد گره و وزن خشک ساقه بدلیل گسترگی بیشتر کانوپی و پوشش برگی مناسب از توان بهتری در حضور علف‌های هرز برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated weed management effects on the growth characteristics and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Mohammadi 1
  • M.A. Baghestani 2
1 1Researcher, Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research Center ofTehran
2 Prof. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection
چکیده [English]

In 2009, an experiment carried out in a farm at Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Tehran (ARNRCT) to determine the best method of integrated weed management of in cotton fields. The experimental design was a split block design with four replications by 20 treatments. The main plots were consisted four levels of weed management practices including herbicide trifluralin along with one round and two-round hand weeding, untreated control weeds and fully control of all weeds. Sub plots were five cotton cultivars including Varamin, Oltan, Mehr, Sepid and Khordad. The results showed that among the methods, trifluralin herbicide application with two-stage hand weeding were the appropriate control treatments, while weed dry weight was reduced and cotton yield was increased in all cultivars. Optimal growth conditions with increasing height, producing vegetative and reproductive shoots, leaf area and canopy resulted in increased competitiveness in the cotton plants. Sepid variety despite lower height between varieties produced more leaves and stems dry weight, reduced dry weight of weeds. Oltan gained lowest yield among the varieties, due to the canopy structure and the type of growth. In contrast, Varamin and Khordad had dominate performance in the presence of weeds because of maximum height, number of reproductive shoots, number of nodes and shoot dry weight as more extensive canopy and good leaf coverage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Varieties of Cotton
  • integrated weed management
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