بررسی اثر خاک‎ورزی حفاظتی و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دو رقم پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم

2 استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور پنبه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سیستم­های مختلف خاک­ورزی، تراکم بوته و رقم بر عملکرد پنبه، آزمایشی بصورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات پنبه‌هاشم آباد اجرا گردید. سه سیستم خاک­ورزی از جمله سیستم خاک­ورزی سطحی (دیسک)، سیستم کم خاک‌ورزی (سیکلوتیلر+دیسک) و سیستم خاک­ورزی مرسوم (گاوآهن برگردان‌دار+ دیسک) بعنوان فاکتور اصلی؛ دو رقم پنبه به نام‌های گلستان و خرداد به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی و تراکم بوته در سه سطح 12/5، 6/3 و 4/2 بوته در مترمربع بعنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج حاکی از عدم وجود اختلاف معنی­دار بین سیستم­های مختلف خاک­ورزی بود. بالاترین و پایین­ترین میزان عملکرد پنبه بترتیب به سیستم­های کم خاک­ورزی و خاک­ورزی مرسوم اختصاص داشت. دو سیستم خاک­ورزی سطحی و کم خاک­ورزی نسبت به سیستم خاک­ورزی مرسوم دارای تعداد شاخه زایا، طول شاخه رویا و ارتفاع بوته کمتر؛ تعداد غوزه و وزن 10 غوزه و در نتیجه عملکرد بیش­تری بودند. با کاهش فاصله بوته­ها روی ردیف کاشت از 30 به 10 سانتی­متر، تعداد غوزه در بوته و وزن 10 غوزه کاهش یافت، اما با افزایش تعداد بوته در واحد سطح، عملکرد محصول افزایش یافت. رقم گلستان نیز در مقایسه با رقم خرداد بالاترین عملکرد را داشت. علاوه براین بیش­ترین عملکرد مربوط به رقم گلستان در سیستم کم خاک­ورزی و تراکم 12/5 بوته در متر مربع بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of conservational tillage and plant density on two cottons cultivars yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Nowruozi 1
  • Hosseinali Shamsabadi 2
  • shahram Nowrouzieh 3
1 MSc. Bio-system mechanics engineering
2 Assistant Professor, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Cotton Research Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of different tillage systems, plant density and cultivar on yield of cotton, an experiment was carried out as a split - split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in Cotton Research Station of Hashemabad. Gorgan, Iran. The three tillage systems namely; 1) shallow tillage system (disk harrow), 2) reduced tillage system (cyclo tiller + disk harrow) and 3) conventional tillage system (moldboard + disk harrow) were assigned to main plots. The two cotton cultivars namely; Golestan and Khordad were considered as sub plot and three plant densities including 12.5, 6.3 and 4.2 plant per m2 were attributed to sub-sub plots. The results showed that tillage systems were no significant effect on yield of cotton. The lowest and the highest values of cotton yield were attributed to conventional and reduced tillage system, respectively. The two systems of reduced and shallow tillage systems yielded the lowest number of sympodia, length of monopodia and plant height; and the highest number of boll and 10 boll weights that caused an increase yield. With decreasing the plant distance from 30 to 10 cm, the number of boll and 10 boll weights were decreased, but the yield was increased with increasing in number of plant in a hectare. The highest value of yield cotton was attributed to Golestan cultivar at the reduced tillage plots and S1, with plant space of 10 cm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • plant density
  • Tillage system
  • Cotton Yield

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