ضریب استهلاک و کارایی مصرف تشعشع ارقام پنبه برای تراکم‎‏های مختلف کاشت در گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته‏ کارشناسی‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 عضو هیات‌علمی گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانش‌آموخته‏ کارشناسی‌ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

افزایش عملکرد از طریق آگاهی از تاثیر عوامل مدیریتی بر گیاهان و به دنبال آن استفاده‏ حداکثر از ظرفیت محیط، قابل دسترسی است. استفاده از مدل‏های شبیه‏سازی رشد گیاهی، یکی از راهکارهای مفید جهت شناسایی تاثیر عوامل مختلف مدیریتی بر عملکرد می‏باشد. اما استفاده از مدل‏ها در صورتی امکان‏پذیر است که اطلاعات اولیه برای هر گیاه در هر منطقه موجود باشد. در همین راستا به منظور بررسی تاثیر ارقام مختلف پنبه (گلستان، ساحل و سپید) در دو تراکم (250000 و 62500 بوته در هکتار) بر روی ضریب خاموشی و کارایی مصرف تشعشع، آزمایشی در گرگان به صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1390 انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثر ارقام بر ضریب خاموشی و کارایی مصرف تشعشع معنی‏دار نبود. با افزایش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح، ضریب خاموشی به صورت معنی‏داری از 0/87 به 0/61 کاهش یافت. این در حالی بود که کارایی مصرف تشعشع در تراکم 62500 بوته در هکتار، برابر 1/35 و در تراکم 250000 بوته در هکتار، برابر 3/17 گرم بر مگاژول به دست آمد. در تراکم کشت بیشتر، افزایش شاخص سطح برگ و بسته شدن سریع‏تر کانوپی در زمان‏های وقوع دمای بیشتر هوا، باعث افزایش کارایی مصرف تشعشع شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency of cotton varieties for different planting densities in Gorgan

نویسندگان [English]

  • S.M. Alimagham 1
  • F. Ghaderi-Far 2
  • A. Soltani 2
  • O. Sepehri 3
1 M.Sc graduated student of Agroecology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
2 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
3 M.Sc graduated student of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Knowledge of management factors effect on plants and consumption the maximum capacity of environment can increase crop yield. Application of crops growth simulation models is a valuable approach to identify the impact of various management factors on yield. If the necessary information of each crop in each region is accessed, it is possible to use crop growth models. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of planting density (250000 and 62500 plants per hectare) and cotton varieties (Golestan, Sepid and Armaghan) on extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency. The experiment was carried out as split plot design based on randomized complete block design whit three replications in 2011. The plant density was as main plot factor while cotton varieties were considered as sub-plot factor. The results showed that effect of variety on the extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency was not significant. Extinction coefficient decreased significantly from 0.87 to 0.61 when plant density was increased. However, the radiation use efficiency was 1.35 and 3.17 g.MJ-1 respectively for 62500 and 250,000 plants per hectare density. Higher plant density increased leaf area index and canopy closure at higher temperatures which caused to increase the radiation use efficiency in 250,000 plants density.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cotton
  • extinction coefficient
  • Narrow planting
  • Radiation use efficiency

مراجع

Andrieu, B., Allirand, J.M., and Jaggard, K. 1997. Ground cover and leaf area index of maize and sugar beet crops. Agronom. 17: 315-321.
Asare, D.K., Sammis, T.W., Assadian, H., and Fowler, J.L. 1992. Evaluating three cotton simulation models under different irrigation regimes. Agric Water
Manag. 22: 391-407.
Bell, M.J., Gillespie, T.J., Roy, R.C., Michaels, T.E., and Tollenaar, M. 1994. Peanut photosynthetic activity in cool field environments. Crop Sci. 34: 1023-1029.
Bell, M.J., Wright, G.C., and Hammer, G.l. 1992. Night temperature affects radiation use efficiency in peanut. Grop Sci. 32: 1329-1335.
Flenet, F., Kiniry, J.R., Board, J.E., Westgate, M.E., and Reicosky, D.C. 1996. Row spacing effects on light extinction coefficients of corn, sorghum, soybean and sunflower. Agron J. 88: 185-190.
Francescangeli, N., Sangiacomo, M.A., and Marti, H. 2006. Effects of plant density in broccoli on yield and radiation use efficiency. Sci Hort. 10: 135–143.
Gardner, F.P., Pearce, R.B., and Mitchel, R.L. 1985. Physiology of crop plants. Iowa State University Press. USA.
Gonias, E.D., Oosterhuis, D.M., and Bibi, A.C. 2011. Light interception and radiation use efficiency of okra and normal leaf cotton isolines. Environ Exp Bot. 72: 217–222.
Haro, R.J., Otegui, M.E., Collino, D.J., and Dardanelli, J.L. 2007. Environmental effects on seed yield determination of irrigation peanut crops: Links with radiation use efficiency and crop growth rate. 2007. Field Crop Res. 103: 217-228.
Hay, R., and Porter, J. 2006. The physiology of crop yield, 2nd Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Singapore.
Ko, J., Piccinnini, G., Guo, W., and Steclich, E. 2009. Parameterization of EPIC crop model for simulation of cotton growth in South Texas. Agri Sci. 147: 169–178.
Maddonni, G.A., Otegui, M.E., and Cirilo, A.G. 2001. Plant population density, row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation. Field Crops Res. 71: 183-193.
Milroy, S.P., and Bange, M.P. 2004. Nitrogen and light responses of cotton photosynthesis and implications for crop growth. Australian Cotton Cooperative Res. Centre, Narrabri NSW 2390, Australia. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 43: 904-913.
Norsworthy, J.K. 2004. Soybean canopy formation effects on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) emergence. Weed Sci. 52:954-960.
Pourreza, J., Soltani, A., Rahemi Karizaki, A., Galeshi, S., and Zainali, E. 2008. Investigation of dry matter partitioning amount between different organs in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour.14: 178-190. (In Persian).
Purcell, L.C., Ball, R.A., Reaper, J.D., and Vories, E.D. 2002. Radiation use efficiency and biomass production in soybean at different plant population densities. Crop Sci. 42: 172-177.
Rahemi Karizaki, A., Soltani, A., Purreza, J., and Zainali, E. 2007. Estimation of extinction coefficeint and radiation use efficiency in field-grown chickpea. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 14: 211-221. (in Persian).
Reddy, K.N., Burke, I.C., Boykin, J.C., and Williford, J.R. 2009. Narrow-row cotton production under irrigated and non-irrigated environment: Plant population and lint yield. J. Cotton Sci. 13: 48-55.
Rizzalli, R.H., Villalobos, F.J., and Orgaz, F. 2002. Radiation interception, radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Eur. J. Agron. 18: 33-43.
Robertson, M.J., Silim, S., Chauhan, Y.S., and Ranganathan, R. 2001. Predicting growth and development of pigeonpea: biomass accumulation and partitioning. Field Crop Res. 70:89-100.
Rosenthal, W.D., and Gerik, T.J. 1990. Radiation use efficiency among cotton cultivars. Agron. J. 83: 655-658.
Rosenthal, W.D., Vanderlip, R.L., Jackson, B.S., and Akin, G.F. 1989. SORKAM: A grain sorghum crop growth model. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Miscellaneous Publication.
Sinclair, T.R. 2006. A reminder of the limitations of using Beer, s Law to estimate daily radiation interception by vegetation. Crop Sci. 46: 2343-2347.
Soltani, A., Galeshi, S., Attarbashi, M.R., and Taheri, A.H. 2004. Comparison of two methods for estimating parameters of harvest index increase during seed
growth. Field Crops Res. 89: 369-378.
Soltani, A. 2005. Determination of effective factors in the accumulation and allocation of materials in chickpea. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Research report. 120 pp. (In Persian).
Soltani, A. 2006. Application of SAS in statistical analysis. JDM Press, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Soltani, A., Hammer, G.L., Trabi, B., Robertson, M.J., and Zeinali, E. 2006.
Modeling chickpea growth and development: Phenological development. Field
Crops Res. 99: 1-13.
Soltani, A., and Hoogenboom, G. 2007. Assessing crop management options with crop simulation models based on generated whether data. Field Crops Res. 103: 198-207.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار