پاسخ ژنوتییپ‎های مختلف پنبه نسبت به شوری خاک در استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

2 مربی موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

3 محقق موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

چکیده

شوری خاک یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش رشد و تولید محصولات زراعی است. سطح خاک‌های متاثر از نمک در کشور ما بسیار قابل توجه بوده و در اکثر این اراضی فقط کشت محصولات متحمل به شوری مثل پنبه مقدور می‎باشد. با این که پنبه نیز از گیاهان نسبتاً متحمل به شوری محسوب می‎شود، اما همانند سایر گیاهان با وجود تحمل نسبی در برابر شوری، تاثیر سوء شوری در ارقام و ژنوتیپ‎های مختلف یکسان نبوده و اختلاف در صفات رشدی و عملکرد مشاهده می‎شود. لذا، به منظور بررسی تاثیر شوری خاک بر صفات رشدی و مقایسه عملکرد 12 ژنوتیپ پنبه، آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی مزرعه نمونه انبار‎اُلوم در استان گلستان انجام شد. شوری خاک در زمان کشت 5/12 دسی‎زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج نشان داد که شوری خاک تاثیر معنی‎داری بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد شامل درصد جوانه‎زنی، ارتفاع بوته، وزن غوزه، عملکرد چین اول، عملکرد چین دوم، عملکرد کل و درصد زودرسی محصول دارد. بیشترین درصد جوانه‎زنی در ژنوتیپ‎های شیرپان 539، چوکوروا و کیو28 مشاهده شد. در مقایسه میانگین داده‎ها، رقم تجاری ساحل دارای بلندترین ارتفاع بوته و سنگین‎ترین غوزه بود. هرچند در چین اول، ژنوتیپ شیرپان 539 بیشترین محصول را تولید نمود، اما با توجه به اختلاف قابل توجه محصول رقم گلستان در برداشت چین دوم، بیشترین عملکرد کل با رقم مذکور بدست آمد. زودرسی ژنوتیپ شیرپان 539 برتری زیادی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‎ها داشت. با توجه به نتایج، ترویج و توسعه کشت رقم گلستان در خا‎ک‌های متاثر از نمک استان گلستان توصیه می‎شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Comparison of Salinity Tolerance of Several Cotton Genotypes in a Saline Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gh. Roshani 1
  • A. Gharanjiki 2
  • S.J. Mirghasemi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Cotton Research Institute of Iran
2 Scientific Staff Member of Cotton Research Institute of Iran
3 Researcher of Cotton Research Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil salinity is one of the important factors that reduces growth and production of crops. The salt-affected soils area is very considerable in Iran so that salt tolerant crops individually are cultivable in the most these lands. Like as other plants, the adverse effect of salinity on various cultivars and genotypes of cotton weren't similar and despite the fact that cotton is somewhat tolerant to salinity, differences in growth traits and yield occurs. Hence, a field experiment was carried out in Golestan province, Agricultural Research Station, Marked Farm of Anbarolum to evaluate the effect of soil salinity on growth traits and compare the yield of 12 cotton genotypes. Soil salinity was 12.5 dS/m at planting time. The results showed that soil salinity established a significant effect on growth and yield traits including germination percent, plant height, boll weight, yield of first peaking, yield of second peaking, total yield and yield earliness. The greatest germination percent was obtained by Shirpan 539, Çukurova and Q28 genotypes. In mean comparison of the data, Sahel genotype had the highest height and the heaviest boll. Golestan genotype produced the most total yield because of production the considerable more yield in second picking, However 539 Shirpan genotype produced the most yield in first peaking. The earliness of latter genotype had too much preference as compared to other genotypes. Finally, according to the results, extension and expansion of Golestan genotype cultivation was recommended for salt-affected soils in Golestan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton genotypes
  • Golestan Province
  • Soil salinity
  • yield
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