اثر تاریخ کشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه در شرایط کشت رایج و کشت با فواصل ردیف خیلی کم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سبزوار، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سبزوار، ایران

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه در شرایط کشت رایج و کشت با فواصل ردیف خیلی کم، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سبزوار در سال زراعی 1392 انجام شد. تاریخ کشت (کشت معمول (اول خرداد) و کشت تأخیری (اول تیر)) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و سیستم کشت (فواصل ردیف خیلی کم (فاصله ردیف 20 سانتی‌متر(تراکم 25 بوته در مترمربع)، کشت رایج (فاصله ردیف 50 سانتی‌متر (تراکم 10 بوته در مترمربع) و کشت کرتی (متوسط تراکم 8 بوته در مترمربع) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کشت و سیستم کشت اثر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن غوزه و عملکرد وش داشت. تأخیر در تاریخ کشت سبب کاهش 61/13 درصدی ارتفاع، 41/27 درصدی تعداد غوزه، 63/14 درصدی وزن غوزه و 83/24 درصدی عملکرد وش در مقایسه با تاریخ کشت معمول داشت. کشت با فواصل ردیف خیلی کم نسبت به سایر روش‌های کشت از نظر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برتر بود. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که کشت با فواصل ردیف خیلی کم در تاریخ کشت اول خرداد بیشترین عملکرد وش را در پنبه در شرایط آب و هوایی سبزوار تولید کرد. بر این اساس کشت در تاریخ اول خرداد با فاصله ردیف 20 سانتی‌متر جهت حصول عملکرد مناسب توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of cotton planted in ultra narrow rows and conventional rows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan bagherabadi 1
  • Mohammad Armin 2
  • Esmaeil Filekesh 3
1 Former MSc. student of Agronomy, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dep., Sabzevar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cotton has been traditionally grown in rows spaced from 75 to 100 cm. Narrow row spacing have been found to increase yield potential in cotton due to better sunlight penetration and more uniform spacing of the cotton plants in the field. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting date on yield and yield components of cotton with three planting systems at Sabzevar Agriculture and Natural Resources research center in 2013. This experiment was carried out as split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were: planting date (Conventional (22 May) and late planting (22 June) as main plots and planting system; ultra narrow row spacing (20 cm (25 plant.m-2), conventional spacing (50 cm (10 plant.m-2) and broadcast seeding (8 plant.m-2) as subplots. The results showed that planting date and planting system had significant effect on plant height, number of bolls, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Late planting was decreased plant height (13.61%), number of boll (27.41%), boll weight (14.63%) and seed cotton yield (24.83%) as compared with conventional planting date. Narrow row spacing was better than other planting system for all traits. There was no significant difference between conventional spacing and broadcast seeding. Overall, ultra narrow spacing rows and conventional planting date (May 22) was the best treatment for achieving high yield in cotton under Sabzevar conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Cotton
  • Plant density
  • planting system
  • Seed cotton yield

مراجع

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