تاثیر آبیاری، محلول‌پاشی متانول و تراکم بوته بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر آبیاری، محلول­پاشی متانول و تراکم بوته بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 اجرا گردید. دور آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 120 و 240 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی، محلول­پاشی متانول (صفر، 10 و 20 درصد حجمی) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی و تراکم بوته (10 و 20 بوته در متر مربع) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که دور آبیاری اثر معنی­داری بر ارتفاع بوته‌، تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، قطر ساقه، هدایت روزنه‌ای، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، تعداد غوزه در متر مربع، عملکرد پنبه دانه و الیاف، عملکرد وش و عملکرد بیولوژیک داشت. با کاهش دور آبیاری از 240 به 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی این صفات به طور معنی­دار و به‌ترتیب 3/16، 8/48، 3/25، 4/105، 6/11، 6/23، 9/60، 8/60، 6/76، 9/68 و 6/55 درصد افزایش یافت. محلول­پاشی متانول نیز تعداد غوزه در متر مربع و عملکردهای دانه، الیاف، وش و بیولوژیک را به طور معنی­داری افزایش داد. همچنین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غوزه در مترمربع و عملکردهای دانه، الیاف، وش و بیولوژیک با افزایش تراکم از 10 به 20 بوته در متر مربع، به‌طور معنی‎دار و به‌ترتیب 4/14، 5/23، 4/15، 7/26، 2/21 و 6/17 درصد افزایش یافت. به‌طور کلی بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش تیمار آبیاری پس از 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، محلول‌پاشی 10 درصد حجمی متانول و تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع برای زراعت پنبه در بیرجند مناسب به نظر می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of irrigation, foliar application of methanol and plant density on morphophysiology traits, yield and yield components of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolrahman Khosravi 1
  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi 2
1 Former MSc. Student of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Prof. Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, foliar application of methanol and plant density on morphophysiological traits, yield and yield components of cotton, a split-split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main plots were irrigation interval (irrigation after 120 and 240 mm cumulative evaporation), the sub-plots were methanol spray (0, 10and 20 volume percent) and the sub-sub-plots were plant density (10 and 20 plants. m-2). The results showed that irrigation interval significantly affected plant height, branch number of main stem, stem diameter, stomatal conductivity, chlorophyle index, relative water content, boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological. As decreased irrigation interval from 240 to 120 mm cumulative evaporation, these traits significantly increased by 16.3, 48.8, 25.3, 105.4, 11.6, 23.6, 60.9, 60.8, 76.6, 68.9 and 55.6%, respectively. Also, foliar application of methanol significantly increased boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological.  Moreover, plant height, boll number per m2, yields of seed, lint, seed cotton and biological increased by 14.4, 23.5, 15.4, 26.7, 21.2 and 17.6 %, respectively with the increase in olant density from 10 to 20 plants. m-2. The results showed that irrigation after 120 mm cumulative evaporation, application of 10volume percentof methanol and density of 20 plants. m-2 are suitablefor thecultivation of cotton in Birjand, Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Density
  • Irrigation
  • Methanol
  • Morphophysiolog

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