بررسی بانک بذر علف های هرز مزارع پنبه استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 محقق علف‌های‌هرز، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

5 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

ریزش ‌سالیانه بذور علف‌های هرز و تجمع آنها در خاک بانک‌بذر پایداری را تشکیل می‌دهند که می‌تواند سالهای متمادی منشاء آلودگی‌های مزارع به علف‌های هرز باشد. به منظور بررسی ارتباط بین بانک بذر خاک و جمعیت مزرعه‌ای گونه‌های مختلف علف‌های هرز مزارع پنبه، آزمایشی دو‌ساله (84-1383) در سطح استان گلستان انجام شد. در مجموع دو سال 49 گونه علف‌هرز متعلق به 19 خانواده گیاهی در مزارع پنبه شناسایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج این بررسی علف‌های هرز Cyperus rotundus L.، Amaranthus spp.، Echinochloa spp.، Hibiscus terionum L.و Paspalum paspaloides(Michx.)Scribner به‌ترتیب بیشترین تراکم را در مزارع پنبه داشتند. بیشترین فرکانس یا درصد مزارع آلوده نیز به‌ترتیب علف‌های هرز Amaranthus spp.، C.rotundus ، Solanum nigrum L.، Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ، Convolvulus arvensis L. و Echinochloa spp. داشتند. بررسی نمونه‌های خاک نشان داد که بعد از Amaranthus spp. که در 90 درصد نمونه های خاک مورد بررسی حضور داشتند، بیشترین فرکانس بذر در خاک را علف‌های هرز Stellaria media L.، Chenopodium album L.، C.rotundus ، Portulaca oleracea L. دارا بودند و بیشترین تراکم بذور در خاک نیز متعلق به علف‌های هرز Poa annua L. ، S. media، C.album، Amaranthus spp.، C. rotundus بود. نتایج نشان داد که ارتباط خطی قوی بین بذور علف‌های هرز موجود در خاک و گیاهچه‌های سبز شده در مزارع پنبه وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Weed seed bank survey in cotton fields of Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masumeh Younesabadi 1
  • Rohollah Faez 2
  • Farshid Ghaderifar 3
  • Alireza Savarinejad 4
  • Habibolah Kashiri 5
1 Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran.
3 Agronomy Dept, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
4 Weed researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran,
5 Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Institute, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Weed seed abscission and their accumulation in the soil annually, cause formation of a persistent weed seed bank that is the origin of future weed infection for many years. In order to survey the relationship between weed seeds in soil seed bank and the weed population during growing season of cotton field, this experiment was conducted in Golestan province in 2004-2005.Based on the results, 49 species of weeds belong to 19 families were recorded that Cyperus rotundus L., Amaranthus spp., Echinochloa spp., Hibiscus terionum L., Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.)Scribner had the highest density in cotton field respectively. The most frequent weeds were Amaranthus spp., C. rotundus, Solanum nigrum L., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Echinochloa spp.. Survey of soil samples showed, after Amaranthus spp. that were observed in 90 % of soil samples, the most frequent weeds in soil seed bank were Stellaria media L., Chenopodium album L., C.rotundus and Portulaca oleracea L. respectively.Poa annua L., S. media, C.album, Amaranthus spp. and C. rotundus had the highest density in soil seedbank. The results showed a strong linear relationship between weed seeds in soil seedbank and seedling numbers in the cotton fields for all of weeds.
Key words: Correlations, prediction, regression, weed management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Correlations
  • Prediction
  • Regression
  • Weed management

مراجع

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