واکاوی علل کاهش سطح کشت پنبه مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان گنبد کاووس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف واکاوی دلایل کاهش سطح کشت پنبه در اراضی کشاورزی بخش مرکزی شهرستان گنبد کاووس در استان گلستان انجام شد. تحقیق توصیفی و از نوع پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری 15234 نفر کشاورز ساکن در دو دهستان فجر و سلطانعلی بخش مرکزی شهرستان گنبد کاووس بودند که 375 نفر از آنان به صورت تصادفی به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. جمع‌‌آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام شد. روایی محتوایی و ظاهری پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان ترویج و زراعت به دست آمد. اعتبار پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ تعیین شد و مقدار ضریب 83/0 به دست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 19 انجام شد. بر پایه‌ یافته‌های پژوهش مهم‌ترین علل کاهش سطح کشت پنبه کمی یا نبود کارگر ماهر برای برداشت سنتی پنبه، کمبود کارگر و دستمزد بالای کارگر ماهر است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد عوامل تشکیل دهنده نبود تمایل کشاورزان به کشت پنبه به ترتیب اهمیت در نه عامل اجتماعی-زراعی، نیروی کار، فنی-زراعی، زیرساخت تولید و بازار، صرفه تولید، زراعی-حمایتی، مکانیزاسیون، نهادی-فنی و کیفیت نهاده‌ها قرار می‌گیرند و 47/61 درصد از واریانس کل عوامل تشکیل دهنده نبود تمایل به کشت پنبه را تبیین می‌کنند. توجه به مکانیزه کردن کاشت، داشت و برداشت پنبه و توسعه برداشت ماشینی آن با هدف کاهش هزینه‌ها به ویژه هزینه کارگر با تاکید بر تحقیقات کاربردی در زمینه ساخت ماشین آلات مناسب و ارزان کاشت، داشت و برداشت، از جمله پیشنهادهای این مطالعه بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of reasons for the decrease the area cotton cultivation Case: Central District of Gonbad-e Kavos County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Mahboubi 1
  • Ameneh Avarand 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Ph.D student of Agricultural Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran center
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to analysis of reasons for the decrease the area cotton cultivation in Agricultural lands of Central District of Gonbad-e Kavos County in Golestan province. The research is descriptive and survey. The target populations in the study consisted all of 15234 farmers residing in two rural districts (Fajr and Soltanali) in central district of Gonbad-e Kavos County. Using random sampling 375 of them were selected as research sample. Data gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by experts of extension and agronomy. The reliability analysis was conducted with Cronbach’s alpha method and coefficient was 0.83. Data were analyzed using SPSSwin19 software. The results showed according to respondents, the most important causes of the decline in cotton cultivation were little or no skilled worker for traditional cotton picking, labor shortage and high wages of skilled workers. Factor analysis showed constituent factors of unwilling farmers to plant cotton respectively placed in nine factors such as social- agricultural, labour, technical- agricultural, production and market infrastructure, the profitability of production, agricultural- supportive, mechanization, institute- technical and inputs quality explain 61.47% of the total variance of unwilling to plant cotton. This study recommended paying attention to the mechanization of cotton planting, protecting and harvesting and develop its machine harvest aimed at reducing costs, especially labor costs with emphasis on applied research in the field of making proper and inexpensive machinery for planting, growing and harvesting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Area cultivation
  • Agricultural- technical factors
  • Gonbad-e Kavos County

مراجع

  1. Abyar, N.M., and Asgari, M. 2015. The influence of price support policy on Cotton acreage development in Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 3 (2): 27-39.
  2. Adeniji, O.B. 2007. Constraints to improved Cotton production in Katsina State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciencies. 7 (12): 1647-1651.
  3. Ahmadi, K., Gholizadeh, H., Ebadzadeh, H. R., Hatami, F., Fazliestabragh, M., Hosseinpoor, R., Kazemian, A., and Rafiei, M. 2017. Agricultural census of 2015-2016. Vol. 1: Agricultural Products, Economic Development Planning Department, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, 174 pp.
  4. Baffes, J. 2002. Tanzania’s cotton sector: constraints and challenges in a global environment, Africa Region Working Paper Series, No 42, 47pp.
  5. Cotton Research Institute of Iran. 2007. Strategic Cotton research program. Available at:  Areo.ir/_panbeh/Documents/Rahbordii.pdf.
  6. Dias, P. 2012. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cotton in Mozambique. Technical notes series, MAFAP, FAO, Rome.
  7. Ghasemian, Z., Afrakhte, H., and Salehpour, Sh. 2015. Investigating the causes of reduction of Cotton using the conditional theory. Second International Conference on New Findings in Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Tehran, Association for the Promotion of Basic Sciences and Technologies. Available at: http://www.civilica.com/ Paper.
  8. Ghajari, A., Alishah, O., and Mirghasemi, J. 2015. Investigation of reaction successful early matured cotton crosses on yield and yield components as double cropping. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 2(2): 75-89.
  9. Gitonga, W., Macharia, J., Mungai, A., Njue, H., Kanja, D., and Olweny, H. 2010. Cotton production, constraints, and research intervention in Kenya, government of Kenya report, 13p.

10. Hasanvand, M., Bavali1, M., Kermatzadeh, A. and Ahmadi Kaliji, S. 2014. Investigating the cause of reducing Iran Country share in global Cotton production using of parametric method. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 3(6): 690-695.

11. Hooman, H.A., and Asgari, A. 2005. Factor analysis, difficulty and its bottlenecks, Journal of Psycology and Education, 35 (2): 1-20.

12. Hosseinpoor, H. 2016. Seven reasons for lowering the cultivation area of cotton. Available at: http://www.mehrnews.com/news.

13. Hosseini, S., and  Aminravan, M. 2015. Investigating the effect of supportive policies on cotton acreage in Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural economics and development research, 46 (2): 197-206.

14. Kalinda, T., and Bwalya, R. 2014. An assessment of the growth opportunities and constraints in Zambia’s cotton industry. Asian Journal of Business Management. 6 (1): 63-75.

15. Khormali, S. 2013. Fauna study of Cicadellidae (Leaf hoppers Family) on cotton fields of Golestan province. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 1(1): 93-100.

16. Krejcie, R.V., and Morgan, D.W. 1970. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 30: 607-610.

17. Islamic Development Bank. 2005. Enhancing production efficiency and international competitiveness in IDB Cotton producing member Countries, Proceedings of the experts’ group meeting, 22-23 March, IDB Headquarters, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 274 pp.

18. Mahofa, G. 2007. Economic analysis of factors affecting cotton production in Zimbabwe, Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Science degree in agricultural and applied economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, 110p.

19. Manyani, O., Onias, Z., Mabhungu, I., Hove, N., and Chosana, S. 2014. An investigation on the effects of world market Cotton prices on the profitability of Cotton production (The case of Chiredzi Communal Farmers, Zimbabwe). International Journal of innovative research & Development. 3 (4):437-448

20. Mehregan, F., Keramatzadeh, A., Eshraqi, F., and Shirani Bidabadi, F. 2017. Factors affecting the cotton acreage response in Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Cotton Researches, 4 (1): 1-16.

21. Mohanasundaram, P. 2015. Cultivation of cotton: A study on factors and problems. International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Management Studies. 1 (3): 1-6.

22. Naderiarefi, A. 2016. Cotton, agriculture deserves more attention. Moravej Magazine. 150-151: 7-10. 

23. Odedokun, V.O. 2015. Economic analysis of cotton production and supply trend estimation in Zamfara State, Nigeria, a dissertation submitted to degree of doctor of philosophy in agricultural economics, Department of agricultural economics and rural sociology faculty of agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 219 p.

24. OECD-FAO. 2016. Cotton in OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2016-2025, OECD Publishing, Paris. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2016-en.

25. Oladi, M., Izadi Najafabadi, H., Baniyani, A., Bahadori, F., Hassanpour, F., Hakimi, M., Hamidi, A., Salimi, H., Rezaiean, R., Arabsalmani, M., Alaeizangier, M., Galebi, S., Kavian Talouri, M., Golmohammadi, GH., Naraghi, L., Norgholipour, F., and Vafaei Oskuie, F. 2015. Cotton criteria and indices. Directorate of Cotton, Oilseeds and Industrial Plants, Tehran: Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, 109 p.

26. Pakseresht, A. 2010. The situation of cotton production in the world, the downward trend of domestic cotton. Available at: www.nasajinews.com /news_images/file_news_1346.pdf.

27. Pavithra, B.S., and Kunnal, L.B. 2013. Performance of Cotton crop in non-traditional areas of Karnataka- An economic analysis. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science. 26 (2): 243-246.

28. Ramasundaram, P., and Gajbhiye, H. 2001. Constraints to cotton production in India, Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur. Cicr Technical Bulletin. 19: 1-19. 

29. Sinzogan, A A.C., Van Huis, A., Kossou, D.K., Jiggins, J., and Vodouhe, S. 2004. Farmer’s knowledge and perception of cotton pests and pest control practices in Benin: results of a diagnostic study. Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 52 (3-4): 285-303.

30. Vojdanifar, M. 2015. A 10% decrease in cotton cultivation. The World of Economics, No. 3314, Available at: donya-e-eqtesad.com/news.

Walusimbi, R. 2002. Farm level cotton production constraints in Uganda. A Contribution to the Strategic Criteria for Rural Investments in Productivity (SCRIP) Program of the USAID Uganda Mission, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 32 p

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار