ارزیابی تنوع گونه‌ای، کارکردی و ساختار جوامع علف‌های‌هرز مزارع پنبه استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی بخش گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

2 کارشناس ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علفهای هرز، بخش گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

3 محقق علفهای هرز، بخش گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی فلور و ارزیابی تنوع گونه‌ای، کارکردی و ساختار جوامع علف‌های‌هرز مزارع پنبه استان گلستان، جمعیت علف‌های‌‌هرز در شهرستان‌های مختلف این استان در سال زراعی 1391 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نمونه‌برداری‌ها به‌صورت تصادفی و در ادامه به روش سیستماتیک و طبق الگوی W با استفاده از کادر 5/0× 5/0 متر‌مربعی انجام شد. جمعیت علف‌های‌هرز در مرحله غنچه دهی پنبه به تفکیک جنس و گونه شناسایی و شمارش گردید. در این مطالعه 38 گونه علف‌هرز متعلق به 16 خانواده‌ی گیاهی شناسایی گردید که بیشترین تعداد گونه را به ترتیب خانواده‌های Poaceae (10 گونه) و Amaranthaceae (4 گونه) به خود اختصاص دادند. خانواده‌های Poaceae، Cyperaceae و Fabaceae به‌ترتیب مهم‌ترین خانواده‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های گیاهی از نظر فراوانی نسبی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که 76 درصد علف‌های‌هرز موجود یک‌ساله و 24درصد نیز چندساله بودند. همچنین71 درصد علف‌های‌هرز گزارش شده جزو پهن‌برگان و 29درصد باقیمانده در گروه باریک‌برگان جای گرفتند. اویارسلام (Cyperus rotundus) از نظر فراوانی نسبی مهمترین علف‌هرز از گروه باریک‌برگان (جگن‌ها) و خارشتر (Alhagi camelorum) مهمترین علف‌هرز از گروه پهن-برگان در مزارع پنبه استان بود. بیشترین تعداد گونه در شهرستان‌های علی‌آباد و آق‌قلا (هرکدام 16 گونه) و کمترین آن در شهرستان کردکوی (8 گونه) مشاهده گردید. در بین شهرستان‌های مورد مطالعه علی‌آباد و آق‌قلا، علی‌آباد و گالیکش، علی‌آباد و بندرگز به‌ترتیب با 63، 62 و 62 درصد دارای بیشترین درجه تشابه گونه ای علف‌‌های هرز و کردکوی و آق‌قلا با 8 درصد دارای کمترین درجه تشابه بودند. بیشترین شاخص تنوع شانون در گالیکش (13/2) و کمترین آن در کردکوی (57/1) مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص تنوع سیمپسون متعلق به ‌بندرگز و بندرترکمن (29/0) و کمترین آن متعلق به گالیکش (15/0) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of species, functional and structural diversity of weeds in Golestan province cotton fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Msoumeh Younesabadi 1
  • Leila Habibian 2
  • Alireza Savarinejad 3
1 Plant Protection Dept. Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Weed Science expert, Plant Protection Dept. Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
3 Plant Protection Dept. Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

In order to study of flora, functional and structural diversity of weed species, cotton fields of Gloestan province (6 cities) were surveyed during 2012 year. Randomized sampling method as W shape was conducted by using 0.5×0.5-meter quadrate, systematically. In this study, 38 weed species belong to 16 families were recorded which most of them were from Poaceae by 10 species and Amaranthaceae by 4 species. Among different weed families,Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Fabaceae had the most relative abundance in cotton fields, respectively. Based on the results, 76% of recorded weeds were annual and the rest were perennial, also 71% of identified weeds were broad-leaved and the rest were narrow-leaved. Cyperus rotundus and Alhagi camelorum were the most important weeds from narrow-leaved and broad-leaved weeds, respectively. The highest number of species were observed in Ali Abad and Aq Qala (16 species) and the lowest observed in Kord koy (8 species). Among different cities, Ali Abad and Aq Qala (63%), Ali Abad and Galikesh (62%) and Ali Abad and and Bandar Gaz (62%) had the highest similarity index but Kord koy and Aq Qala had the lowest similarity index (8%). The highest Shanon diversity index (2.13) was observed in Galikesh city and the lowest value (1.57) observed in Kord koy city. The highest Simpson diversity index (0.29) was observed in Bandar Gaz and Bandar Torkaman cities and the lowest value (0.15) observed in Galikesh city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diversity
  • Relative abundance
  • Similarity
  • Simpson and Shanon index

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