ارزیابی اثرات تنش خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌های ‌ارقام‌تتراپلوئید و توده‌های‌بومی پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی‌اثرات تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌های ‌ارقام تتراپلوئید و توده‌های‌بومی پنبه، تحقیقی‌ در دو بخش آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای ‌در موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور به‌اجرا در آمد. مطالعه‌ در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو عامل تنش خشکی و رقم با چهار تکرار انجام پذیرفت و صفات درصد جوانه زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، ارتفاع، وزن‌های تر و خشک اندام‌های مختلف گیاهچه و میزان کلروفیل برگ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. جهت اعمال تنش خشکی در شرایط جوانه‌زنی از چهار پتانسیل اسمزی با سطوح صفر، 4/0-، 8/0- و 6/1- مگاپاسکال (با استفاده از ماده دی- مانیتول) استفاده و سه سطح بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید خشکی (به‌ترتیب 75، 15 و 5 درصد مقدار نسبی محتوی آب خاک) در مطالعه گلخانه‌ای پس از 35 روز پس از کاشت در نظر گرفته‌شد. ارقام تتراپلوئیدعبارت بودند از ساحل، سپید، شایان و ژنوتیپ تابلادیلا و بومی‌هاشم‌آباد و بومی کاشمر (بعنوان توده‌های بومی و دیپلوئید). نتایج آزمون جوانه‌زنی نشان داد که بطور معنی‌داری تتراپلوئیدها دارای مقادیر بالاتری از درصد جوانه‌زنی در روز چهارم، درصد جوانه‌زنی کل و سرعت جوانه‌زنی نسبت به دیپلوئیدها بودند. در مطالعه گلخانه‌ای وجود تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار وزن تر برگ گردید. ارتفاع بوته‌ها و کلروفیل کل برگ تحت تاثیر یکسان سطوح اول و دوم‌تنش خشکی قرار گرفته‌اند اما بالاترین مقدار کلروفیل تحت شرایط تنش خشکی شدید حاصل گردید. بالاترین میزان رشد در میانگین سطوح تنش را رقم ژنوتیپ تابلادیلا نسبت به سایر ارقام دارا بود. از این تحقیق می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که جوانه‌زنی در بالاتر از 8/0- مگاپاسکال پتانسیل اسمزی خاک در این ارقام موفق آمیز نخواهد بود و در شرایطی که تنش خشکی شدید در آغاز فصل رشد پنبه بعد از استقرار پیش‌بینی می‌گردد از رقم ژنوتیپ تابلادیلا استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought stress effects on some seed germination and seedling growth characteristics in Tetraploid cultivars and domestic masses (Diploid) of cotton

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Barzali 1
  • Omran Alishah 2
  • Mahmood Mali 2
1 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2 Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluation of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of cotton cultivars, a survey was carried out in two phases (under laboratory and green house conditions) in Cotton Research Institute. Researches were carried out in factorial experiment on CRD, with four replications. Factors were drought stress and cultivar. In germination test and greenhouse condition phases, water stress levels were included: 0, -0/4, -0/8 and -1/6 MPa (for germination test with D-Manitol application) and non-water stress, mild water stress and high water stress (75, 15 and 5 % of relative soil water content, respectively) were considered for greenhouse phase after 35 days after planting date. Cultivars were contained: Sahel, Tabladilla, Siokra and No-200 as Tetraploid cultivars and Hashem Abad and Kashmar as Diploeid cultivars. Results of seed germination test indicated that the lowest germination percent in 4th day, total germination percent and germination velocity was occurred under -1/6 MPa water potential. Germination rate was not different in 7th day and total germination percent between 0 and -0/4 MPa levels. Siokra has the highest total germination percent, germination velocity. Results of greenhouse experiment, drought stress decreased leaf fresh weight significantly. Plant height and total leaf chlorophyll was affected by first and second stress levels equally but the highest value of total chlorophyll was formed under high water stress level. In this part of study, total dry weight of seedlings has not shown any difference. Tabladilla has a good performance in compare to other cultivars under means of drought stress levels. Results suggested that germination percent in upper than -0/8 MPa water potential did not success in studied cultivars on farm and if it is forecasted a drought stress period in initial growth season after establishment, It is better to planting Tabladilla for cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Drought Stress
  • Germination
  • Seedling Growth
  • Genotype

مراجع

  1. Anonymous. 2015. Statistics of Agricultural crops. Centre for Information and Communication
  2. Technology publications, p: 72. Ministry of Jihad-e- Agriculture, I.R. Iran. (In Persian).
  3. Anonymous. 2016. World cotton supply and use. Available on: http://www.usda.gov/ oce/commodity/latest.pdf
  4. Backer, J.C. 1986. Measurement of canopy transpiration or evapotranspiration in greenhouses by means of a simple vapor balance model. Agric. For. Meteor. 37: 133-141.
  5. Basal, H., Bebeli, P., Smith, C.W. and Thaxton, P. 2003. Root growth parameters of converted race stocks of upland cotton and two BC2F2 populations. Crop Sci. 43: 1983-1988.
  6. Basal, H., Smith, C.W., Thaxton, P.S. and Hemphill, J.K. 2005.  Seedling drought tolerance in upland cotton. Crop Sci. 45: 766-771.
  7. Da Costa, V.A.  and  Cothren, J.T. 2010. Drought effects on gas exchange, chlorophyll and plant growth of 1-Methylcyclopropene treated cotton. Agron. J. 103(4): 1230-1241.
  8. Gore, M.A. and Dabbert, T.A. 2014. Challenges and perspectives on improving heat and drought stress resilience in cotton. J. Cotton Sci. 18: 393-409.
  9. Deeba, F., Pandey, A.K., Ranjan, S., Mishra, A., Singh, R., Sharma, Y.K., Shirke, P.A. and Pandey, V. 2012. Physiological and proteomic responses of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) to drought stress. Plant Physiol. Bioch. 53: 6-18.
  10. Eitel, J.U.H., Long, D.S., Gessler, P.E. and Hunt, E.R. 2008. Combined spectral index to improve ground-based estimates of nitrogen status in dryland wheat. Agron. J. 100: 1694-1702.
  11. Vieira da Silva, J.B. and Genty, B. 1987. Effects of drought on primary photosynthetic processes of cotton leaves. Plant Physiol. 83: 360-364.
  12. Ghajari, A. and Zangi, M.R. 2001. Evaluation seed germination of Tetraploid cotton under osmotic condition and its relation to farm performance. CRI Publication, 19 pp. (In Persian).
  13. Ghajari, A. and Zeinali, E. 2003. Effects of salinity and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of two cotton cultivars. Seed and Plant. 18: 506-509. (In Persian).
  14. Hugh J.E. 2003. A precise gravimetric method for simulating drought stress in pot experiments. Crop Sci. 43: 868-873.
  15. ISTA. 2001. Amendment of seed testing. Supplement to Seed Science and Technology.  29: 1-185.
  16. Jensen, M., Chakir, S. and Feige, G.B. 1999.Osmotic and atmospheric dehydration effects in the Lichens (Hypogymnia Physodes, Lobaria Pulmonaria, and Peltigera Aphthosa): An in vivo study of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction. Photosynthetica. 37: 393-404.
  17. Kamaran, S., Imran, M., Khan, T.M., Munir, M.Z., Rashid, M.A. and Muneer, M.A. 2016. Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).  Int. J. Agri. Agri. R. 8(6): 1-9.
  18. Kiriga, W.J., YU, Q. and Bill, R. 2016. Breeding and genetic engineering of drought- resistant crops. Intl. J. Agri. Crop Sci. 9(1): 7-12.
  19. Kohel, R.J. and Lewis, C.F. 1993. Cotton. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Publisher, Madison, Winconsin, USA. 506 pp.
  20. Laffray, D. and Louguet, P. 1990. Stomatal responses and drought resistance. Botany. 137: 47-60.
  21. Leidi, E.O., Lopes, J.M., Lopes, M. and Gutierrez, J.C. 1993. Searching for tolerance to water stress in cotton genotypes: Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Photosynthetica. 28: 383-390.
  22. Liptay, A., Sikkema, P. and Fonteno, W. 1998. Transplant growth control through water deficit stress: A review. Hort. Technol. 8: 54-59.
  23. Loka, D.A., Oosterhuis, D.M. and Ritchie, G. L. 2011. Stress physiology in cotton: water-deficit stress in cotton. Proceeding of Annual Beltwide Cotton Conference. Cordova, Tennessee (USA). Pp: 37-72.
  24. Lopez, J.M., Gutierrez, J.C. and Leidi, E.O. 1995. Selection and characterization of cotton cultivars for dryland production in the South West of Spain. Eur. J. Agron. 4: 119-126.
  25. Mehr Abadi, H.R., Nezami, A., Kofi, M. and Ramzani Moghaddam, M. R. 2015. Investigating of yield, yield components, correlation components and path analysis in cotton cultivars under drought stress. Prod. Proc. Crops and Hort. Plants Letter. 17(5): 217-227. (In Persian).
  26. Nepomuceno, A.L., Oosterhuis, D. M. and Stewart, J. M. 1998. Physiological responses of cotton leaves and roots to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol. Environ. Exp. Bot. 40: 29-41.
  27. Niu, G. H., Rodriguez, D., Dever, J. and Zhang, J.F. 2013. Responses of five cotton genotypes to sodium chloride and sodium sulfate saline water irrigation. J. Cotton Sci. 17: 233-244.
  28. Rezaei, J. 2000. Investigation of cotton seedling resistance to drought stress under greenhouse condition. Final Report. CRI Publication, 31 pp. (In Persian).
  29. Sahito, A., Baloch, Z.A., Mahar, A., Otho, S.A., Kalhoro, S.A., Ali, A., Kalhoro, F.A., Soomro, R.N. and Ali, F. 2015. Effect of water stress on the growth and yield of cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Am. J. of Plant Sci. 6: 1027-1039.
  30. Salvino, C.H., Meneses, G., Bruno, R.L.A., Fernandes, P.D., Pereira, W.E., Lima, L.H., Lima, M.M. and Vida, M.S. 2011. Germination of cotton cultivar seeds under water stress induced by polyethyleneglycol-6000. Sci. Agric. 68(2): 131-138.
  31. Sezener, V., Basal, H., Peynircioglu, C., Gurbuz, T., and Kizilkaya, K. 2015. Screening of cotton cultivars for drought tolerance under filed conditions. Turk. J. Field Crops. 20(2): 223-232.
  32. Shahenshah, F. and Isoda, A. 2010. Effects of water stress on leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cotton and peanut. Plant Prod. Sci. 13: 269-278.
  33. Singh, C., Kumar, V., Prasad, I., Patil, V.R. and Rajkumar, B.K. 2016. Response of upland cotton (G.hirsutum L.) genotypes to drought stress using drought tolerance indices. J. Crop Sci. and Biotech. 19(1): 53-59.
  34. Snowden, M.C., Ritchie, G.L., Simaoc, F.R. and Bordovskyd, J. P. 2014. Timing of episodic drought can be critical in cotton. Agron. J. 106(2): 452-458.
  35. Springer, T.L. 2005. Germination and early seedling growth of cotton seed gasses at negative water potentials. Crop Sci. 45: 2075-2080.
  36. Stamatiadis, S., Tsadilas, C. and Schepers, J.S. 2010. Ground- based canopy sensing for detecting effects of water stress in cotton. Plant Soil. 331: 277-287.
  37. Sun, Y., Niu, G., Zhang, J. and Vallethe, P.D. 2015. Growth responses of an interspecific cotton breeding line and its parents to controlled drought using an automated irrigation system. J. Cotton Sci. 19: 290-297.
  38. Vories, E.D., Stevens, W.E.G., Sudduth, K.A., Drummond, S.T. and Benson, N.R. 2015. Impact of soil variability on irrigated and rainfed cotton. J. Cotton Sci. 19: 1-14.
  39. Wang, Y.Q., Yang, W.H., Xu, H.X., Zhou, D.Y., Feng, X.A. and Kuang, M. 2009. Effect of water stress on germination of cotton seeds. Cotton Sci. 21(1): 73-76.
  40. Wiggins, M.S., Leib, B.G., Mueller, T.C. and Main, C.L. 2013. Investigation of physiological growth, fiber quality, yield, and yield stability of upland cotton varieties in differing environments. J. Cotton Sci. 17: 140-148.
  41. Wiggins, M.S., Leib, B.G., Mueller, T.C. and Main, C.L. 2014. Cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality response to irrigation and water deficit in soil of varying depth to a sand layer. J. Cotton Sci. 18: 145-152.
  42. Zhang, J.F., Percy, R.G. and McCarty. Jr. J.C. 2014. Introgression genetics and breeding between Upland and Pima cotton- a review. Euphytica. 198: 1-12.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار