تاثیر رقم، تراکم بوته و دوره تداخل علف‌های هرز بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و کیفی پنبه (.Gossypium hirsutum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر رقم، تراکم و تداخل علف‌ها‌ی هرز بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و کیفی پنبه، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌ها‌ی کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد بیرجند در سال 1394 اجرا گردید. عوامل تحقیق شامل دو رقم (فیلستانی و خرداد)، دو سطح تراکم (14 و 28 بوته در مترمربع) و چهار سطح تداخل علف‌ها‌ی هرز (عاری از علف هرز در کل دوره، تداخل تا 40، 60  و80 روز پس از سبز شدن پنبه) بود. نتایج نشان داد رقم خرداد در مقایسه با رقم فیلستانی در صفات عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن از برتری معنی‌دار به‌ترتیب 9/17 و 1/15 درصدی برخوردار بود. همچنین با افزایش تراکم از 14 به 28 بوته در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن به‌طور معنی‌دار و به‌ترتیب 90 و 3/100 درصد افزایش یافت، اما تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی و هدایت روزنه‌ای به‌طور معنی‌دار و به‌ترتیب 6/28 و 10 درصد کاهش یافت. با افزایش طول دوره تداخل علف‌ها‌ی هرز تا 80 روز نسبت به تیمار عاری از علف هرز در کل دوره رشد تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و درصد روغن به‌طور معنی‌دار و به‌ترتیب 3/61، 94، 5/96 و 1/53 درصد کاهش یافت. براساس نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان کشت رقم خرداد در تراکم 28 بوته در متر مربع و عاری نگهداشتن مزرعه از علف هرز در کل دوره رشد را برای دست‌یابی به حداکثر عملکرد روغن در زراعت پنبه در منطقه بیرجند توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of variety, density and weeds interference period on morphophysiological and qualitative traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Hoseynaie 1
  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi 2
  • Seyyed Hamid Ramazani 3
1 Previous MSc. Student of Agronomy, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Prof. of Department of Agronomy, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
3 Faculty member of Birjand university, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of variety, density and weeds interference on morphophysiological and qualitative traits of cotton, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch in 2015. The research factors consisted of two varieties (Philistine and Khordad), two density levels (14 and 28 plants. m²) and four levels of weed interference (weed free in the whole period, interference up to 40, 60 and 80 days after emergence of cotton). The results showed that Khordad variety in comparison to Philistine variety had superior significant 17.9 and 15.1 %, in traits of seed yield and oil yield respectively. Also, increasing density from 14 to 28 plants per m², seed yield and oil yield significantly were increased by 90 and 100.3%, respectively but number branches of main stem and stomatal conductivity significantly were decreased by 28.6 and 10%, respectively. With increasing the length of period of weeds interference up 80 days, number branches of main stem, seed yield, oil yield and oil percent significantly were decreased by 61.3, 94, 96.5 and 53.1%, respectively. In general, based on the results of this research, cultivation of variety Khordad with density of 28 plants per m² and weeding in the whole growth period is suitable for maximum of oil yield in cotton cultivation in Birjand region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil
  • competition
  • yield
  • boll
  • stomatal conductivity

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