تاثیر ضدعفونی بذر با سموم مختلف بر میکوفلوربذر و گیاه‎چه پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی

چکیده

            پوسیدگی ‎بذر، بیماری‎های گیاه‎چه و تریپس مهم‎‎ترین عوامل خسارت‎زای پنبه می‎باشند. بذر پنبه رقم ورامین با قارچ‎کش‎های سولفور،کاربوکسین‎تیرام و گل‎گوگرد و حشره‎کش‎های‎ ایمیداکلوپراید و تیودیکارپ به نسبت پنج در هزار بذر به صورت جدا و توام پوشش داده شدند. بذرها درون ماسه ساحلی سترون کاشته و با آب سترون آبیاری شدند. گیاه‎چه‎های بیمار و بذر‎های پوسیده از گلدانک ها بیرون آورده و پس از شست‎شوی اولیه با آب و ضد‎عفونی با هیپوکلریت‎سدیم نیم‎ درصد، قطعات کوچکی از بافت آلوده انتخاب وبه محیط کشت عصاره سیب‎زمینی آگار حاوی آنتی‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎بیوتیک انتقال داده شدند. شناسایی جدایه‎های قارچی به دست آمده بر اساس ویژگی‎های شکل‎شناسی انجام شد. با توجه به نتایج، مناسب‎ترین تیمار برای ضد‎عفونی بذرپنبه به ترتیب گل‎گوگرد، گل‎گوگرد به همراه ‎ایمیداکلوپراید، سولفور، سولفور به همراه تیودیکارپ، کاربوکسین‎‎تیرام به همراه تیودیکارپ، کاربوکسین‎تیرام به همراه ‎ایمیداکلوپراید، گل‎‎‎‎گوگرد به همراه تیودیکارپ، سولفور به همراه ‎ایمیداکلوپراید توصیه می‎شود،  قارچ‎هایAlternaria sp.،  Aspergillus spp.،Basipetospora sp.، Bipolaris sp.، Cephalosporium sp.، Cheatomium sp.، Cladosporium sp.، Fusarium spp.،  Geotrichum sp.، Melanospora sp.،  Monascus sp.، Myrothecium sp.،  Mucor sp.،  Penicillium spp.، Rhizoctonia sp.، Rhizopus sp.، Sclerotium sp.، Ulocladium sp.، با فراوانی متفاوت ازجنین،پوسته بذر، بذر، گیاه‎چه‎های بیمار و بذر‎های‎پوسیده جداسازی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of seed treatment with different poisons on seed borne micflora and cotton seedlings

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Seed rot, seedling diseases and trips are the most important causes of cotton losses. Seeds of cotton cultivar of Varamin were dressing with fungicides sulfur, Carboxin-Thiram and micronized sulfur and insecticides imidacloprid and thidiocarpwith range of 5 gram of insecticide and fungicide for 1000 gram of seeds alone or both application .Seeds were planted in sterilized sand and irrigated with sterile water.The diseased seedling and decayed seed were removed from soil, washed with sterile water and surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and cultured on PDA media amended with antibiotics. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological features.The results showed that the best fungicides and insecticides for seed disinfection are micronized sulfur, micronized sulfur with imidacloprid, sulfur, sulfur with thidiocarp, Carboxin-Thiram with thidiocarp, Carboxin-Thiram with imidacloprid, sulfur with thidiocarp,and sulfur with imidacloprid respectively. Fungal isolates belonging to Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Basipetospora sp., Bipolaris sp., Cephalosporium sp., Cheatomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium spp., Geotrichum sp., Melanospora sp., Monascus sp., Myrothecium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp.,Sclerotium sp., Ulocladium sp. were isolated with varying frequencies of embryo and seed coat ,decayed seeds and diseased seedlings.
Key words: Cotton, micronized sulfur, thidiocarp, fungicide, insecticide and disinfested.
* Part of the results of the research project No: 2 -41 -07-92101of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • micronized sulfur
  • thidiocarp
  • fungicide
  • insecticide and disinfested

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