تاثیر سطوح مختلف شوری و مقدارآب آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه در شرایط ‏آبیاری کامل و آبیاری بخشی ریشه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ایران، ساری، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری- دانشکده مهندسی زراعی-گروه مهندسی آب

2 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر روش‌ها، سطوح مختلف و شوری آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه، آزمایشی دو ساله در ایستگاه تحقیقات پنبه‌هاشم آباد گرگان انجام شد. آزمایش در ‏قــــالب طرح بلوک‌های کاملا تصادفی دو فاکتوره  با سه تکرار روی رقم ‏گلستان در ســـال 1396و 1397 انجــام‌ شد. در این مطالعه چهار سطح شوری آب آبیاری شامل شوری 4، 8، 12 دسی‎زیمنس بر متر و شوری آب ‏چاه (حدود یک دسی‎زیمنس بر متر) به‌عنوان فاکتورهای اصلی، چهار سطح مختلف آب آبیاری شامل تیمار 33، 66، ‏‏100 و 133 درصد آب مورد نیازگیاه به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و دو روش آبیاری کامل و آبیاری بخشی ریشه (PRD)‎ بعنوان ‏فاکتور دوم در نظر گـــــرفته‌ شد. نتایــج نشان داد عملکرد پنبه نسبت به شاهد در شوری‌های 12، 8 و 4 متر به‌ترتیب 41، 22 و 19 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. کارایی مصرف آب نیز به میزان 30، 18 و 16 درصد ‏کاهش داشت.‏ با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری، متوسط وزن غوزه، شاخص الیاف، درصد زودرسی و عملکرد الیاف به‌طور ‏معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. ‏با افزایش مقدار آب آبیاری، میزان عملکرد پنبه، متوسط وزن غوزه، تعداد پنبه دانه در یک غوزه و تعداد غوزه به طور ‏معنی‌داری افزایش یافت‎.‎‏ کارایی مصرف آب در سطوح آبیاری 133، 100 و 66 درصد نسبت به تیمار 33 درصد به ترتیب به اندازه ‏‏32، 16 و 10 درصد کاهش یافته‌است. ‏اگرچه آبیاری بخشی باعث کاهش 96/14 درصدی عملکرد محصول نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل شد اما شاخص کارایی ‏مصرف آب را تا حدود 22/36 درصد افزایش داد.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Various Levels of Salinity and Irrigation Water on Yield ‎and Yield ‎Components of Cotton (Gossipium hisutum) under Full Irrigation and Partial Root-‎Zone Drying‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davud Fathi 1
  • Borhan Sohrabi 2
  • Ali Shah-Nazari 3
  • Mahmoud Raeini-Sarjaz 3
  • Hassan Mokhtar-Pour 4
1 Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Assistante Professor, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4 assistant professor, Golestan agricultural and natural resources research and education center
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of different methods, levels and salinity of irrigation water ‎on cotton, a two-year experiment was carried out‏ ‏at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station ‎in Gorgan city.‎‏ ‏The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with ‎three replications. So, four salinity levels of irrigation water (1, 4, 8, 12 dS/m) as main factors, ‎four different levels of irrigation water‏ ‏‎(33, 66, 100 and 133% of water requirements) was ‎considered as the first factor and two irrigation methods (complete irrigation and Partial Root ‎Dry irrigation/PRD) were considered as the second factor. The results showed that compared ‎to control, cotton yield decreased by 41%, 22% and 19%, in 12, 8 and 4 dS/m salinity, ‎respectively. The water use efficiency was reduced at rate of 30, 18 and 16 percent. As the ‎salinity of irrigation water increased, the average weight of the boll, fiber index, earliness and ‎the fibers decreased significantly. As the moisture level increased, the yield of cotton, average ‎boll weight, the number of seed in a boll and the number of bolls increased significantly. In ‎additional the water use efficiency of the 133, 100 and 66% treatments compared to 33 ‎percent decreased by 32, 16 and 10 percent,‎‏ ‏respectively. The cotton yield under133, 100 and ‎‎66% treatments decreased by 32%, 16% and 10%, respectively, compared to the 33% of the ‎water requirement. Although PRD reduced crop yields by 15 percent compared to full ‎irrigation treatment, but the water use efficiency increased by 36%.‎‎‎‎‎‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Salinity stress
  • deficit Irrigation
  • Water use efficiency
  • Soil Moisture
  • Irrigation Method"

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