بررسی ماندگاری و سمیت چند حشره ‏کش روی بوته‏ های پنبه به منظور حفاظت از زنبور پارازیتویید Trichogramma brassicae Bezd.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد حشره‏شناسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار حشره‏شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‏پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار حشره‏شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‏پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، ماندگاری چهار حشره‏کش‏ تیودیکارب، ایندوکساکارب، لوفنورون و پروکلیم‌فیت روی بوته‌های پنبه و سمیت آنها بر زنبور پارازیتویید Trichogramma brassicae بررسی شد. پس از کاشت  بوته‌های پنبه در شرایط گلخانه و سمپاشی آن‌ها با غلظت توصیه شده‌ حشره‌کشها، برگ‌های پنبه به فواصل زمانی یکروز از بوته‌های سمپاشی شده جدا و همراه با پارازیتویید و تخم میزبان (بید غلات)، درون ظروف پرورش قرار گرفتند. اثرات کشنده و زیرکشنده‌ (کاهش طول عمر و قدرت پارازیتیسم) حشره‌کشها‌ روی پارازیتویید به طور روزانه ثبت و سمیت و ماندگاری آنها‌ بر اساس استاندارد سازمان بین‏المللی کنترل بیولوژیک (IOBC) رتبه‌بندی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیودیکارب در مقایسه با حشره‌کشهای دیگر از سمیت بیش‌تر (حدوداً صد درصد تلفات) و ماندگاری طولانی‌تری (حداقل 17 روز) برخوردار بود و به عنوان یک حشره‌کش "مضر" و "نسبتاً پایدار" معرفی شد. ایندوکساکارب نیز با حداکثر 8/52 درصد تلفات و 8/62 درصد کاهش پارازیتیسم، در گروه حشره‌کشهای "مضر" و با 7 روز ماندگاری در گروه حشره‌کشهای "کم‌دوام" طبقه‌بندی گردید. پروکلیم فیت با حداکثر 3/37 درصد تلفات، 4/47 درصد کاهش قدرت پارازیتیسم و 6 روز ماندگاری، در گروه حشره‌کشهای "نسبتاً مضر" و "کم‌دوام" قرار گرفت. لوفنورون با حداکثر 68/2 درصد تلفات، 69/60 درصد کاهش پارازیتیسم و 3 روز ماندگاری در گروه حشره‌کش‌های "کم‌ضرر" تا "نسبتاً مضر" و "ناپایدار" طبقه‌بندی گردید. به منظور حفاظت از زنبور T. brassicae در مزارع پنبه، توصیه می‌شود تیودیکارب از فهرست حشره‌کشهای مصرفی علیه کرم غوزه‌ حذف و بین رهاسازی این پارازیتویید در مزارع پنبه و سم‌پاشی با ایندوکساکارب، پروکلیم‌فیت و لوفنورون به‌ترتیب، حداقل فاصله‌های زمانی 7، 6  و 3 روز به عنوان دوره انتظار رعایت شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Persistency and Toxicity of some insecticides on cotton plants to conserve parasitoid wasp,Trichogramma brassicae Bezd.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Nekonam 1
  • Ali Afshari 2
  • Ahmad Nadimi 3
1 Former M.Sc. student of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Entomology Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran (Afshari@gau.ac.ir)
3 Assistant Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out to investigate persistency of four insecticides (thiodicarb, indoxacarb, proclaim fit and lufenuron) on cotton plants and their toxicity against Trichogramma brassicae .Cotton seeds were sown under greenhouse condition and cotton plants were sprayed with insecticides . Cotton leaves were removed at one-day intervals and were kept in a rearing container with female parasitoids and host eggs. Mortality and sublethal effects of insecticides were recorded every day and their toxicity and persistency were categorized according to the International Organization of Biological Control standard. Results showed that toxicity (with up to 100% mortality) and persistency (>17 days) of thiodicarb was higher than other insecticides and was categorized as a “harmful” and at least a “moderately persistent insecticide. Indoxacarb with up to 52.8% mortality, 62.8% reduction in parasitism and 7 days persistency, was classified as a ”harmful” and “slightly persistent” insecticide. Proclaim fit with up to 37.3% mortality, 47.4% reduction in parasitism and 6 days persistency, was classified as a “moderately harmful” (Group 3) and slightly persistent insecticide. Lufenuron with up to 2.68% mortality, 60.69% reduction in parasitism and 3 days persisitency, was classified as a “slightly harmful” (Group 2) to ”moderately harmful” and short-lived (group 1) insecticide. In conclusion, because of high toxicity and long-term persistency, thiodicarb is not recommended to use in cotton field against cotton bollworm, and a 7, 6 and 3 days “waiting period” was required, respectively between spraying with indoxacarb, proclaim Fit and lufenuron and mass releasing of T. brassicae in cotton fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Side-effects
  • pesticides
  • IOBC

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