بررسی روابط خصوصیات کمی و کیفی با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در ارقام پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس مهندسی زراعی - مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی آق قلا

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیات علمی

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum) یک گیاه صنعتی مهم است که افزایش عملکرد الیاف یکی از اهداف اصلاح آن است. در تولید یک رقم زراعی خصوصیات متعددی در نظر گرفته می‎شود که اکثر آن‎ها با یکدیگر و با عملکرد همبستگی بالایی دارند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی همبستگی و تجزیه ضرایب مسیر (رابطه علی معلولی بین صفات) و اجزای عملکرد در پنبه انجام شد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی خصوصیات مؤثر بر عملکرد، درک بهتر روابط بین صفات با یکدیگر و بررسی رابطه بین عملکرد وش با اجزای آن در ارقام جدید پنبه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: بذور مربوط به هفت دورگ ممتاز پنبه همراه با سه رقم تجاری پنبه، در آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی هاشم‌آباد در اردیبهشت سال 1397 کشت شدند. صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول و تعداد شاخه­های رویا، طول و تعداد شاخه‌های زایا، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن غوزه، عملکرد وش و زودرسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین صفات به روش دانکن، ضریب همبستگی بین صفات محاسبه شد و با استفاده از تجزیه رگرسیون گام به گام و تجزیه ضرایب مسیر صفات مؤثر در عملکرد شناسایی و مشخص شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصله از انجام این آزمایش نشان داد که رقم گلستان خصوصیات کمی و کیفی مناسبی داشته و عملکرد بالایی دارد. همچنین رقم SB26 از نظر درصد کیل و ظرافت الیاف نسبت به سایر ارقام برتری داشت. نتایج بررسی همبستگی ساده بین صفات نشان داد عملکرد همبستگی مثبت و معنی‎داری با صفات تعداد شاخه رویا (668/0) و تعداد غوزه (7/0) داشته ولی همبستگی معنی‌داری با سایر صفات نشان نداد. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام برای عملکرد نشان داد صفات تعداد غوزه، وزن غوزه و تعداد شاخه زایا مهمترین صفات در تعیین عملکرد است و در مجموع 8/83 درصد از واریانس عملکرد را توجیه نمود. همچنین تجزیه خوشه‏ای برای گروه‎بندی ارقام آن‎ها را در 4 گروه مجزا قرار داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین ارقام مورد مطالعه نشان داد هر چند بین ارقام از لحاظ عملکرد تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد اما با توجه به مجموعه صفات، می‌توان ژنوتیپ‌های TJ82, SB7 را بدلیل آن‌که عملکرد بالای 3 تن داشتند و ژنوتیپ SB26 را به‌خاطر زودرسی، درصد کیل بالا و ظرافت الیاف به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های در دست معرفی و جایگزین رقم گلستان مد نظر قرار داد و در پروژه‎های اصلاحی آتی از آن‌ها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the relationship between quantitative and qualitative characteristics with yield and yield components in cotton cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nemat Alaedin 1
  • Saied Navabpour 2
  • Mohsen Fathi Sadabadi 3
1 www.ajgol.ir
2 2- Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important industrial crop where increasing fiber yield is one of the main breeding goals. Several traits are considered in plant breeding, most of which are highly correlated with each other and with yield. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation and path coefficient analysis (causal relationship) between traits and yield components in cotton. The aim of this study was to identify the traits that affect yield, to better understand the relationship between the traits, and to establish a relationship between yield and its components in new cotton varieties.
Materials and Methods: Seeds from seven of the best cotton hybrids and commercial varieties (as controls) were planted in a four-replication randomized block experiment at the Hashemabad Research Station. Plant height, length and number of unipodial branches, length and number of sympodal branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, cotton seed and early maturity were examined. After analysis of variance and comparison of mean traits using Duncan’s method, the correlation coefficient between traits was calculated and stepwise regression analysis and path coefficient analysis were used to identify and determine the traits affecting performance.
Results: The results in terms of quantitative traits showed that the Golestan variety had good quantitative and qualitative traits and gave a high yield. In addition, the SB26 variety was superior to the other varieties in terms of lint content and fiber fineness. The results of the simple correlation between the traits showed that the performance showed a positive and significant correlation with the number of sympodial branches and the number of bolls (0.7), but showed no significant correlation with other traits. The results of the stepwise regression for yield showed that boll number, boll weight and number of sympodial branches were the most important characteristics in determining yield and explained 83.8% of the variance in yield. In addition, the cluster analysis used to group the varieties divided them into 4 separate groups.
Conclusion: In general, the results of the mean comparison of the examined varieties showed that the genotypes TJ82 and SB7 can be proposed for future breeding projects due to a number of characteristics, although there is no significant difference between the varieties in terms of yield of traits, such as e.g. B. a yield of more than 3 tons. In addition, the early maturity, the high proportion of straw and fiber fins makes the SB26 genotype an attractive genotype as an entry genotype for future breeding projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Stepwise regression
  • Yield
  • Cluster analysis

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