ارزیابی تأثیر تیمارهای شیمیایی و فیزیکی بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و کنترل پوسیدگی بذر پنبه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی-مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب-دانشگاه هرمزگان-بندرعباس

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

10.22092/ijcr.2024.367449.1229

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پنبه گیاه مهم و اقتصادی در صنعت نساجی، تولید روغن، فراورده‌های خوراکی و کاغذسازی می‌باشد. با توجه به درصد بالای پوسیدگی بذر پنبه و خسارت بالای آن، بررسی تأثیر روش‌های مختلف در جهت کنترل عامل پوسیدگی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بدین منظور در این مطالعه، اثر چندین تیمار شیمیایی و فیزیکی در کنترل پوسیدگی بذر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین، اثر تیمارها بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی بذر هم ارزیابی گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، شناسایی قارچ‌ عامل پوسیدگی بذر بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی جدایه‌های کشت‌شده در محیط کشت عصاره مالت-آگار (MEA) انجام شد. بدین منظور، تشتک‌های پتری حاوی قارچ به مدت ۷ روز در دمای ۲۵ درجه سلسیوس نگهداری و سپس مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اثر تیمارهای شیمیایی (ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳـﺖ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ یک و پنج درصد در پنج دقیقه و قارچکش کاربندازیم دو و چهار در هزار به مدت دو دقیقه) و فیزیکی امواج فراصوت با شدت 28 کیلو هرتز در مدت زمان 40 و 60 دقیقه بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و کنترل پوسیدگی بذر رقم پرتو پنبه کرک‌زدایی شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این آزمایش، درصد پوسیدگی بذر، درصد جوانه‌زنی، میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی و ضریب سرعت جوانه‌زنی اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه، شناسایی قارچ‌ عامل پوسیدگی بذر با بررسی ویژگی‌های ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی انجام شد. در نهایت، قارچ Aspergillus niger از بذور پوسیده جداسازی گردید. آلودگی قارچی در تیمار شاهد با میانگین 7/86 درصد بالاترین میزان پوسیدگی بذر را نشان داد. از طرف دیگر، در تیمارهای امواج فراصوت در مدت زمان 60 دقیقه، ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳـﺖ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ یک و پنج درصد در پنج دقیقه و قارچکش کاربندازیم چهار در هزار به مدت دو دقیقه، پوسیدگی بذر ظاهر نشد. همچنین، تیمارهای شیمیایی و فیزیکی روی برخی از خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی تأثیر منفی نشان دادند.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اهمیت بذر و سلامت آن در کشاورزی و اثر آن روی کیفیت و عملکرد گیاه، بررسی استفاده از تیمار امواج فراصوت در مدت زمان کوتاه‌تر می‌تواند به عنوان روشی اقتصادی و دوستدار محیط زیست در جهت کنترل پوسیدگی بذر در پنبه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the chemical and physical seed treatments on the germination characteristics and seed rot control of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aminallah Tahmasebi 1
  • Ashkan Asgari 2
  • Somayeh Bakhshi 3
1 1- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2 Agricultural Engineering Department, Minab Higher Education center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar abbas.
3 2- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Cotton is a crucial and economically advantageous crop that plays a vital role in the textile, oil, food, and paper industries. Due to the high incidence of seed rot, it is imperative to explore different strategies for the management of causal agent of seed rot. This study examines the effects of various chemical and physical treatments on the control of seed rot in cotton. Additionally, the study evaluates how these treatments affect the germination characteristics of cotton seeds.
Materials and methods: This study focused on identifying the causal agent of seed rot by evaluating the macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of the fungal isolate cultured in malt extract-agar (MEA) medium. The Petri dishes containing the fungal cultures were kept at a temperature of 25 °C for seven days prior to their analysis. This study examined the effect of various chemical treatments including hydrochloric acid at concentrations of one and five percent applied for five minutes, as well as carbendazim fungicide at two and four parts per thousand for two minutes. The study also investigated the effects of physical treatments using ultrasound waves at a frequency of 28 kHz for the durations of 40 and 60 minutes, specifically regarding seed germination and the control of seed rot in the Parto cultivar of cotton. The parameters evaluated in this study included percentage of seed rot, germination percentage, average time to germination, and the coefficient of velocity of germination.
Results: The identification of the fungus responsible for seed rot was conducted through the observation of the fungal colony, followed by an examination of the fungal structures under a light microscope. Aspergillus niger was isolated from the seeds based on the morphological characteristics. The control treatment exhibited the highest incidence of seed rot, with an average rate of 86.7%. Conversely, the application of ultrasonic waves for a duration of 60 minutes, sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 1.5% for five minutes and carbendazim fungicide at the concentration of four per thousand for two minutes, resulted in the absence of seed rot. However, both chemical and physical treatments exhibited adverse effects on certain germination characteristics.
Conclusion: Considering the significance of seed quality and health in agriculture, as well as its impact on plant quality and yield, investigating the application of ultrasonic treatment for a shorter duration may serve as an economical and environmentally friendly method for controlling seed rot in cott on.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fungicide
  • Gossypium hirsutum
  • Seed quality
  • Ultrasound waves

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