ارزیابی تاثیر تنظیم کننده‌های رشد مختلف بر عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیکی سه رقم پنبه آپلند (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، گرگان، ایران.

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

4 کارشناس پنبه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، گرگان، ایران.

5 دکتری تخصصی زراعت، گرگان، ایران.

10.22092/ijcr.2024.367049.1227

چکیده

با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر خصوصیات ارقام پنبه، پژوهشی به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقات پنبه هاشم‌آباد گرگان طی سال‎های 1395 و 1396 انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تنظیم‌کننده‎های رشد بنزیل‎آدنین، آبسزیک‎اسید، سالیسیلیک‎اسید، براسینواستروئید و سایکوسل و ارقام پنبه گلستان، کاشمر و شایان بودند. عملکرد و برخی پارامترهای مورفولوژیکی به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تنظیم‎کننده‎های رشد قرار گرفتند. رقم گلستان بالاترین تعداد غوزه، عملکرد وش و درصد کیل الیاف و رقم کاشمر بیشترین ارتفاع بوته و زودرسی را داشتند. تنظیم‌کننده‌ها تاثیرات متفاوتی بر ارتفاع بوته گذاشتند، بنزیل‎آدنین و براسینواستروئید باعث افزایش ولی سایکوسل و آبسزیک‎اسید سبب کاهش ارتفاع شدند. بنزیل‎آدنین افزایش 5/9 درصدی و آبسزیک‎اسید کاهش 5/18 درصدی در ارتفاع را باعث شدند. با وجود اینکه تعداد گل، در همه تیمارها بالاتر از شاهد بود، اما بیشترین تعداد گل به تیمار سایکوسل و سالیسیلیک‎اسید با افزایش 40 درصد اختصاص یافت. سایکوسل تعداد غوزه را 5/7 درصد افزایش داد ولی سالیسیلیک‎اسید، بنزیل‎آدنین و آبسزیک‎اسید به‎ترتیب سبب کاهش 8/4، 9 و 25 درصد در تعداد غوزه شدند. بیشترین عملکرد وش (2569 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار سایکوسل به‎دست آمد و براسینواستروئید و بنزیل‎آدنین نیز عملکرد بیشتری نسبت به شاهد داشتند اما آبسزیک‎اسید عملکرد را 3/5 درصد کاهش داد. بیشترین زودرسی (6/83 درصد) مربوط به سایکوسل بود ولی بنزیل‌آدنین، سالیسیلیک‎اسید و براسینواستروئید زودرسی ارقام را کاهش دادند. درصد کیل تحت تأثیر رقم قرار گرفت اما اثر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر درصد کیل معنی‌دار نبود و این مسئله می‎تواند نشان‎دهنده وابستگی این صفت به ژنوتیپ باشد. در مجموع، محلول‌پاشی با تنظیم‎کننده‎های رشد به‌خصوص سایکوسل باعث افزایش معنی‌داری در عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیکی ارقام پنبه گردیدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Effect of Different Growth Regulators on Yield and Morphological Traits of Three Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cotton Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi 1
  • Gorban Ghorbani Nasrabad 2
  • Elham Faghani 3
  • Jafar Hosseinpoor 4
  • Eshagh Arekhi 5
1 Associate Professor,, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi,, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
4 Cotton expert, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
5 PhD of Agronomy, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Plant growth regulation plays a pivotal role in influencing morphological and physiological traits that directly impact plant growth, reproduction, and yield. Growth regulators achieve these effects by inducing metabolic activities within plant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growth regulators on the growth and yield characteristics of various cotton genotypes.
 
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station, Gorgan, during 2016 and 2017. The experimental factors included five growth regulators benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and Cycocel and three cotton cultivars: Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan.
 
Results: Yield and several morphological parameters were significantly influenced by the growth regulators. Among the cultivars, Golestan exhibited the highest boll number, yield, and lint percentage, whereas Kashmar was characterized by the tallest plants and the most rapid maturity. Growth regulators showed differential effects on plant height: benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased height by 9.5%, while Cycocel and abscisic acid reduced height by up to 18.5%. All treatments increased the number of flowers compared to the control, with Cycocel and salicylic acid resulting in the highest flower numbers, an increase of 40%. Cycocel enhanced boll number by 7.5%, while salicylic acid, benzyl adenine, and abscisic acid decreased it by 4.8%, 9%, and 25%, respectively. The highest yield (2569 kg/ha) was observed with Cycocel treatment, followed by brassinosteroids and benzyl adenine, which also improved yield relative to the control. In contrast, abscisic acid reduced yield by 5.3%. Cycocel promoted early maturity, achieving 83.6%, while benzyl adenine, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids delayed maturity. Although lint percentage was influenced by genotype, it was not significantly affected by growth regulators, suggesting its strong genetic dependence. Overall, foliar application of growth regulators, particularly Cycocel, significantly enhanced the yield and morphological traits of cotton cultivars.
 
Conclusion: Cycocel application increased flower and boll numbers on cotton branches, thereby improving yield. Additionally, Cycocel positively influenced early maturity, making it a promising growth regulator for optimizing cotton productivity and phenological traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Cycocel
  • Early maturity
  • Golestan cultivar
  • Lint percentage

اصل مقاله

Background and Objective: Plant growth regulation plays a pivotal role in influencing morphological and physiological traits that directly impact plant growth, reproduction, and yield. Growth regulators achieve these effects by inducing metabolic activities within plant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growth regulators on the growth and yield characteristics of various cotton genotypes.

 

Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Hashemabad Cotton Research Station, Gorgan, during 2016 and 2017. The experimental factors included five growth regulators benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and Cycocel and three cotton cultivars: Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan.

 

Results: Yield and several morphological parameters were significantly influenced by the growth regulators. Among the cultivars, Golestan exhibited the highest boll number, yield, and lint percentage, whereas Kashmar was characterized by the tallest plants and the most rapid maturity. Growth regulators showed differential effects on plant height: benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased height by 9.5%, while Cycocel and abscisic acid reduced height by up to 18.5%. All treatments increased the number of flowers compared to the control, with Cycocel and salicylic acid resulting in the highest flower numbers, an increase of 40%. Cycocel enhanced boll number by 7.5%, while salicylic acid, benzyl adenine, and abscisic acid decreased it by 4.8%, 9%, and 25%, respectively. The highest yield (2569 kg/ha) was observed with Cycocel treatment, followed by brassinosteroids and benzyl adenine, which also improved yield relative to the control. In contrast, abscisic acid reduced yield by 5.3%. Cycocel promoted early maturity, achieving 83.6%, while benzyl adenine, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids delayed maturity. Although lint percentage was influenced by genotype, it was not significantly affected by growth regulators, suggesting its strong genetic dependence. Overall, foliar application of growth regulators, particularly Cycocel, significantly enhanced the yield and morphological traits of cotton cultivars.

 

Conclusion: Cycocel application increased flower and boll numbers on cotton branches, thereby improving yield. Additionally, Cycocel positively influenced early maturity, making it a promising growth regulator for optimizing cotton productivity and phenological traits.

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