نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران
2 موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Seed disinfection or seed treatment is the treatment of seeds with a chemical substance or substances to reduce, control, or eliminate insects, pathogens, and other organisms that attack seeds or seedlings. Damage caused by factors that damage seeds and seedlings includes a reduction in the number of plants in the field and indirect losses including planting costs, uneven distribution of plants in the field, late harvest, and increased production costs. Cotton seeds and seedlings are very sensitive during germination and growth and are attacked by numerous pathogens. Cotton yellow thrips (Trips tabaci) is the most important early season pest in most cotton growing regions of Iran. Larvin and Gaucho insecticides are among the recommended pesticides for early season cotton seed disinfection. Among the inorganic fungicide compounds, sulfur is the first fungicide that is very effective in controlling plant diseases, and its use dates back several centuries. Sulfur is a non-systemic fungicide with protective-curative properties that prevents spore germination as a protective fungicide. The element sulfur is of great importance in terms of fungicidal action and is used to control many plant diseases. Carboxin is absorbed through the roots and seeds of the plant and is transported into its tissue. This compound is widely used as a seed disinfectant in combination with thiram to control the disease. These two fungicides have a synergistic effect. Carboxin also has no adverse effect on the germination capacity of seeds, and disinfected seeds can be stored for a long time. Materials and methods: Cotton seeds of Varamin and Golestan cultivars were treated with sulfuric acid for de-fluffing and with sulfur separately and in combination with thiram carboxin and the insecticides imidacloprid and thiodicarb. The treatments were cultivated in a randomized complete block design for two years in the fields of the Karkandeh-Kordkoy and Varamin cotton research stations. The traits of seed vigor, green percentage, seedling mortality percentage, seedling mortality reduction percentage, verticillium wilt disease index, thrips insect count, cotton yield, seedling height, main root length and plant weight were measured and the results were evaluated with SAS statistical software.
Resultrs: The results showed that cotton seed disinfection with sulfur at a ratio of four to six per thousand was the most appropriate treatment. In this treatment, seedling mortality and thrips pest population were well reduced up to two weeks after sowing and the cost of seed disinfection fungicide was reduced by one third. In this treatment, plant height, main root length, seedling weight, Verticillium wilt disease index, and yield were within the desired range.
Conclusion: Sulfur raw material is available in large quantities and cheaply in Iran and will be a suitable alternative to imported fungicides and insecticides.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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